HomeMy WebLinkAbout7-13-26 Regular Commission Meeting Adopted MinutesMINUTES
.5== Regular City Commission Meeting
aS Monday, July 13, 2026 - 6:00 PM
r,
Commission Chamber
City Hall, 800 Seminole Road
Atlantic Beach, FL 32233
INVOCATION AND PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE
CALL TO ORDER:
Following the Pledge of Allegiance, Mayor Ford called the meeting to order at 6:00 PM. CC Bartle
called the roll.
ATTENDANCE:
Present: Curtis Ford, Mayor - Seat 1 (At Large)
Bruce Bole, Commissioner - Seat 2 (District 1308)
Thomas Grant, Commissioner - Seat 3 (District 1307)
Candace Kelly, Commissioner - Seat 4 (District 1306)
Jessica Ring, Commissioner - Seat 5 (District 1312)
Also Present: Kevin Hogencamp, City Manager (CM)
Jason Gabriel, City Attorney (CA)
Donna Bartle, City Clerk (CC)
Ladayija Nichols, Deputy City Clerk (DCC)
Amanda Askew, Neighborhoods Department Dir. (NDD)
Chris Delk, City Arborist
APPROVAL OF MINUTES
1A. Approve minutes of the Regular Commission Meeting held on June 22, 2026.
The Commission approved the minutes as submitted.
1B. Approve minutes of the Budget Workshop held on June 29, 2026.
The Commission approved the minutes as submitted.
2. COURTESY OF FLOOR TO VISITORS
2.A. FY25 Audit Report Presented by Purvis Gray
Link to Audit Report
Kevin Smith and Ron Whitesides of Purvis Gray presented the Fiscal Year 2025 audit
report as detailed in the agenda packet and answered questions from the Commission.
PUBLIC COMMENT
The following speakers provided their comments:
Regular City Commission
July 13, 2026
Katherine Rowe
Holly Waters submitted a letter (which is attached hereto and made part of this official
record as Attachment A).
Carolyn Zisser
Ingrid McAuley
Amy Franqui
Mark Gabrynowicz
Bruce Andrews
Lisa Herrold
Georgia Goldman
Sarah Milo
Dr. Nancy Staats
Tom Melba
7-13-26 Attachment A
3. CITY MANAGER REPORTS
3.A. Accept the 90 -Day Calendar (July - September 2026)
There was a CONSENSUS to accept the 90 -Day Calendar.
3.11. Building Department Monthly Activity Report
CM Hogencamp reported on agenda items 3B - 3E as detailed in a handout (which is
attached hereto and made part of this official record as Attachment B) and answered
questions from the Commission.
7-13-26 Attachment B
3.C. FY 2026-27 Budget Strategy
3.D. Marsh Oaks Community Center Update
3.E. Other Reports
4. REPORTS AND/OR REQUESTS FROM CITY COMMISSIONERS
Commissioner Bole
• Expressed appreciation to staff for their efforts in organizing the city's Centennial
Celebration and commended the event's execution.
Commissioner Kelly
• Shared positive feedback on the planning and layout of the Centennial Celebration,
noting that the event spaces were well positioned to help mitigate the summer heat.
Commissioner Ring
• Expressed appreciation for a recent Beaches Gazette article on Mayport Road and
encouraged residents to read it for additional context on current traffic conditions. She
also requested consideration of warnings, rather than citations, for drivers adjusting to
the new traffic pattern.
Regular City Commission
July 13, 2026
• Regarding the Live Local Act, she thanked the City Attorney for preparing a resolution
supporting a legislative amendment to allow coastal municipalities to opt out of the Act.
• Discussed the proposed City Manager search protocol as detailed in the agenda, noting
it is intended as a flexible guide. The City Attorney advised that adoption by resolution
as a policy was more appropriate than a Code amendment. CM Hogencamp indicated
that he would incorporate Commission feedback and return the item at the next meeting
as a resolution for consideration.
Commissioner Grant
• Commended the organization of the Centennial Celebration and recognized CM
Hogencamp for his contributions to the event's success.
Mayor Ford
• Expressed appreciation for the Centennial Celebration and read a proclamation from
Jacksonville Mayor Donna Deegan recognizing July 11, 2026, as Atlantic Beach
Centennial Celebration Day in Jacksonville (which is attached hereto and made part of
this official record as Attachment Q.
4.A. Protocol for City Manager Search and Selection (Commissioner Ring)
Discussed during Commissioner reports.
7-13-26 Attachment C
5. UNFINISHED BUSINESS FROM PREVIOUS MEETINGS
None.
6. CONSENT AGENDA
6.A. Approve Resolution No. 26-84.
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY OF ATLANTIC BEACH, FLORIDA,
AUTHORIZING THE AGREEMENT FOR THE DONNER ROAD LIFT
STATION SERVICE AREA REPAIRS; AUTHORIZING THE CITY MANAGER
TO EXECUTE PURCHASE ORDERS IN ACCORDANCE WITH AND AS
NECESSARY TO EFFECTUATE THE PROVISIONS OF THIS RESOLUTION;
AND PROVIDING AN EFFECTIVE DATE.
6.11. Approve Resolution No. 26-86.
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY OF ATLANTIC BEACH, FLORIDA,
AWARDING THE DISASTER DEBRIS MONITORING CONTRACT TO
DEBRIS TECH, LLC; AUTHORIZING THE CITY MANAGER TO EXECUTE
THE CONTRACTS AND PURCHASE ORDERS IN ACCORDANCE WITH AND
AS NECESSARY TO EFFECTUATE THE PROVISIONS OF THIS
RESOLUTION; AND PROVIDING AN EFFECTIVE DATE.
6.C. Approve Resolution No. 26-88.
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY OF ATLANTIC BEACH, FLORIDA,
AUTHORIZING A CHANGE ORDER FOR THE PUBLIC UTILITIES WATER
TREATMENT PLANT #2 UPGRADES PROJECT; AUTHORIZING THE CITY
MANAGER TO EXECUTE THE CONTRACTS AND PURCHASE ORDERS IN
ACCORDANCE WITH AND AS NECESSARY TO EFFECTUATE THE
Regular City Commission
July 13, 2026
l�
8.
PROVISIONS OF THIS RESOLUTION; AND PROVIDING AN EFFECTIVE
DATE.
MOTION: Approve Resolution No. 26-84, Approve Resolution No. 26-86, and Approve
Resolution No. 26-88.
Motion: Bruce Bole
Second: Candace Kelly
Curtis Ford
For
Bruce Bole (Moved By)
For
Thomas Grant
For
Candace Kelly (Seconded By)
For
Jessica Ring
For
Motion passed S to 0.
COMMITTEE REPORTS
None.
ACTION ON RESOLUTIONS
8.A. RESOLUTION NO. 26-87
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY OF ATLANTIC BEACH, FLORIDA,
ASSIGNING A TASK AUTHORIZATION TO HANSON PROFESSIONAL
SERVICES FOR THE DESIGN OF THE SANDPIPER LANE SIDEWALK
IMPROVEMENTS PROJECT; AUTHORIZING THE CITY MANAGER TO
EXECUTE THE CONTRACTS AND PURCHASE ORDERS IN ACCORDANCE
WITH AND AS NECESSARY TO EFFECTUATE THE PROVISIONS OF THIS
RESOLUTION; AND PROVIDING AN EFFECTIVE DATE
MOTION: Approve Resolution (No.) 26-87.
Motion: Bruce Bole
Second. Candace Kelly
Curtis Ford For
Bruce Bole (Moved By) For
Thomas Grant For
Candace Kelly (Seconded By) For
Jessica Ring For
Motion passed S to 0.
S.B. RESOLUTION NO. 26-91
Regular City Commission
July 13, 2026
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF ATLANTIC
BEACH, FLORIDA, AUTHORIZING THE RENEWAL OF AN EMAIL
SECURITY AND COMPLIANCE SERVICE, BACKUP SERVER APPLIANCE
SUBSCRIPTIONS, AND A WEB SECURITY GATEWAY SUBSCRIPTION
THROUGH NH&A AT A TOTAL PRICE OF $36,496.10 WITH FUNDS
ALLOCATED IN THE FISCAL YEAR 2025-26 BUDGET (ACCOUNT NO. 001
1011 516 46 00); AUTHORIZING THE CITY MANAGER TO EXECUTE
CONTRACTS AND PURCHASE ORDERS IN ACCORDANCE WITH AND AS
NECESSARY TO EFFECTUATE THE PROVISIONS OF THIS RESOLUTION;
AND PROVIDING AN EFFECTIVE DATE.
MOTION: Approve Resolution (No.) 26-91.
Motion: Bruce Bole
Second: Candace Kelly
Curtis Ford For
Bruce Bole (Moved By) For
Thomas Grant For
Candace Kelly (Seconded By) For
Jessica Ring For
Motion passed S to 0.
8.C. RESOLUTION NO. 26-92
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF ATLANTIC
BEACH, FLORIDA, EXPRESSING SUPPORT FOR A LEGISLATIVE
AMENDMENT TO SECTION 166.04151, FLORIDA STATUTES (THE "LIVE
LOCAL ACT"), TO PROVIDE A NARROWLY TAILORED OPT -OUT
PROVISION FOR SMALL, GEOGRAPHICALLY CONSTRAINED COASTAL
BARRIER ISLAND MUNICIPALITIES; AUTHORIZING THE MAYOR TO
EXECUTE AND TRANSMIT A. LETTER OF SUPPORT TO STATE
REPRESENTATIVE KIYAN MICHAEL; DIRECTING TRANSMITTAL; AND
PROVIDING AN EFFECTIVE DATE.
CA Gabriel distributed and explained an amended version with red -lined changes (which
is attached hereto and made part of this official record as Attachment D).
7-13-26 Attachment D
MOTION: Approve Resolution No. 26-92 as amended.
Motion: Jessica Ring
Second. Thomas Grant
Discussion ensued.
Regular City Commission
July 13, 2026
Curtis Ford For
Bruce Bole For
Thomas Grant (Seconded By) For
Candace Kelly For
Jessica Ring (Moved By) For
Motion passed 5 to 0.
9. ACTION ON ORDINANCES
9.A. ORDINANCE NO. 95-26-128, Public Hearing and Final Reading
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF ATLANTIC BEACH, DUVAL COUNTY,
FLORIDA, AMENDING CHAPTER 23, PROTECTION OF TREES AND
NATIVE VEGETATION, OF THE CODE OF ORDINANCES; AMENDING
ARTICLE II, LANGUAGE AND DEFINITIONS, SECTION 23-8,
DEFINITIONS, TO ADD A DEFINITION FOR LANDMARK TREE;
AMENDING ARTICLE IV, DIVISION 5, AREAS OF SPECIAL CONCERN, TO
CREATE SECTION 23-42, LANDMARK TREES, ESTABLISHING
REGULATIONS, PRESERVATION STANDARDS, REMOVAL CRITERIA,
RELOCATION REQUIREMENTS, AND MITIGATION REQUIREMENTS
FOR LANDMARK TREES; PROVIDING FOR FINDINGS OF FACT,
CODIFICATION, APPLICABILITY, CONFLICTS, SEVERABILITY, AND AN
EFFECTIVE DATE.
NDD Askew presented examples comparing how properties would be evaluated under
the existing code and the proposed ordinance (which is attached hereto and made part of
this official record as Attachment E). She and City Arborist Delk answered questions
from the Commission. Staff was directed to further research the cost and feasibility of
tree relocation, including municipal examples and contractor estimates, and return with
a report. Staff was also directed to address remaining gaps in the ordinance.
The Public Hearing was opened. The following speakers provided their comments:
E.K. Cottrell
Katherine Rowe
Holly Waters
Sarah Boren
Mark Gabrynowicz
Carolyn Zisser
Brinkley Harrell
Amy Palmer
Ellen Glasser
The following individuals chose not to speak but submitted comment cards:
Steve Piscitelli
Regular City Commission
July 13, 2026
Peggy Grant
Lynda Taylor
Charlie Murray
Gretchen Deters -Murray
James Waters
Katherine McCawley
Sarah McCawley
Pete McCawley
Maria Cuesta
Ellen Golombek
Emily McCarthy
Marisa Carbone
Discussion ensued.
7-13-26 Attachment E
MOTION: Approve Ordinance No. 95-26-128 amending this to include the recommendation
within the staff report for mitigation ratio and doubling the mitigation fee for trees within the
setback, including an amendment to the sentence (in Section 23-42) final approval for removal
must be granted by the Community Development Board (CDB) with appeals to the City
Commission and removal of the sentence (that states) removal may be approved by the CDB.
Motion: Jessica Ring
Second. Bruce Bole
Discussion ensued.
Curtis Ford
For
Bruce Bole (Seconded B))
For
Thomas Grant
For
Candace Kelly
For
Jessica Ring (Moved By)
For
Motion passed 5 to 0.
The meeting recessed at 8:33 PM and reconvened at 8:39 PM.
9.11. ORDINANCE NO. 5-26-75, Public Hearing and Final Reading
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF ATLANTIC BEACH, DUVAL COUNTY,
FLORIDA, AMENDING CHAPTER 2, ARTICLE IX, CITY FEES; AMENDING
DIVISION 2, BUILDING CODE FEES, INCLUDING SECTION 2-500,
SCHEDULE OF BUILDING PERMIT FEES; SECTION 2-501, SCHEDULE OF
ELECTRICAL PERMIT FEES; SECTION 2-502, SCHEDULE OF PLUMBING
PERMIT FEES; AND SECTION 2-503, SCHEDULE OF MECHANICAL AND
GAS PERMIT FEES; AMENDING DIVISION 3, FIRE DEPARTMENT FEES,
INCLUDING SECTION 2-510; CREATING A NEW DIVISION 4, PUBLIC
Regular City Commission
July 13, 2026
WORKS FEES, INCLUDING SECTION 2-520, SCHEDULE OF PUBLIC
WORKS PERMIT FEES; CREATING A NEW DIVISION 5, ZONING FEES,
INCLUDING SECTION 2-530; PROVIDING FOR FINDINGS OF FACT,
CODIFICATION, APPLICABILITY, CONFLICTS, SEVERABILITY, AND AN
EFFECTIVE DATE.
MOTION. Approve Ordinance (No.) 5-26-75.
Motion: Bruce Bole
Second. Thomas Grant
Curtis Ford
For
Bruce Bole (Moved By)
For
Thomas Grant (Seconded By)
For
Candace Kelly
For
Jessica Ring
For
Motion passed S to 0.
The public hearing was opened, there were no speakers, and the public hearing was closed.
9.C. ORDINANCE NO. 5-26-76, Public Hearing and Final Reading
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF ATLANTIC BEACH, DUVAL COUNTY,
FLORIDA, AMENDING CHAPTER 2, ARTICLE IX, CITY FEES, BY
CREATING A NEW DIVISION 6, PARKS AND RECREATION FACILITY
FEES, FOR THE PURPOSE OF CONSOLIDATING CITY FEES INTO A
SINGLE CHAPTER OF THE CODE; AMENDING CHAPTER 5, BEACHES,
PARKS, AND RECREATION, SECTION 5-32, USER FEES FOR PARKS AND
RECREATION FACILITIES, TO REMOVE THE EXISTING FEE SCHEDULE,
AND REFERENCE THE NEW FEE LOCATION IN CHAPTER 2; PROVIDING
FOR FINDINGS OF FACT, CODIFICATION, APPLICABILITY, CONFLICTS,
SEVERABILITY, AND AN EFFECTIVE DATE.
The public hearing was opened, there were no speakers, and the public hearing was
closed.
MOTION. Approve Ordinance No. 5-26-76.
Motion: Bruce Bole
Second. Candace Kelly
Discussion ensued.
Curtis Ford For
Bruce Bole (Moved By) For
Thomas Grant For
Regular City Commission
July 13, 2026
Candace Kelly (Seconded By) For
Jessica Ring For
Motion passed S to 0.
10. MISCELLANEOUS BUSINESS
10.A. Public Hearing - APP26-0002 - Appeal of of an administrative decision at 970
Jasmine Street.
Appealing the City's interpretation of Section 24-151 regarding mechanical
equipment and the requirement that such equipment be located a minimum of five
(5) feet from any property line adjacent to a residential use.
10.11. City Attorney Procedural Reminders
CA Gabriel explained the procedures as detailed in the agenda packet.
10.C. Disclosure of Ex Parte Communications, if any
No disclosures were reported by the Commission. Commissioner Ring disclosed that the
subject property at 970 Jasmine Street is adjacent to her property. After consulting with
the CA and the NDD Askew, it was confirmed that the properties are separated by the
Begonia Street public right-of-way.
10.1). Swearing in of all persons who will speak
None.
10.E. City Staff Overview
NDD Askew presented as detailed in a slideshow (which is attached hereto and made
part of this official record as Attachment G)
7-13-26 Attachment G
10.F. Applicant Presentation
None.
10.G. Public Comments
None.
10.H. Closing Comments/Rebuttal
None.
10.1. Commission Deliberation and Action
MOTION. Deny Appeal 26-0002.
Motion: Bruce Bole
Second: Jessica Ring
Regular City Commission
July 13, 2026
11.
12.
Public comment was opened, there were no speakers and public comment was closed.
Curtis Ford For
Bruce Bole (Moved By) For
Thomas Grant For
Candace Kelly For
Jessica Ring (Seconded By) For
Motion passed S to 0.
10J. Consider cancellation of the July 27, 2026 Regular Meeting
CM Hogencamp presented as detailed in the agenda packet. He indicated that the
cancelation will be followed by a formal proposal to establish a single regular
Commission meeting each July, consistent with the December schedule, and to consider
adjusting the Town Hall schedule to three meetings per year.
MOTION: Recommend that the Commission Cancel the July 27, 2026 Commission Meeting.
Motion: Bruce Bole
Second: Thomas Grant
Curtis Ford
For
Bruce Bole (Moved By)
For
Thomas Grant (Seconded By)
For
Candace Kelly
For
Jessica Ring
For
Motion passed 5 to 0.
CITY ATTORNEY/CITY CLERK REPORTS AND/OR REQUESTS
None.
CLOSING COMMENTS BY CITY COMMISSIONERS AND CITY MANAGER
Commissioner Bole
• Recognized the adoption of Ordinance No. 95-26-128 and encouraged staff to identify
and address any remaining gaps.
Commissioner Grant
• Expressed agreement with Commissioner Bole's comments.
Commissioner Ring
• Reminded the Commission and the public of the Town Hall meeting scheduled for
Saturday, July 18, 2026.
CM Hogencamp
Regular City Commission
July 13, 2026
• Noted the upcoming Town Hall meeting to engage more community feedback.
Mayor Ford
• Emphasized monitoring the implementation of the newly adopted tree ordinance,
particularly its impact on application processing times, and requested that the
Commission be informed if significant delays occur.
13. ADJOURNMENT
The meeting adjourned at 8:59 PM.
Attest:
Donna L. Bartle, City Clerk
Date Approved: 5110 Z 0 Z 6
Curtis Ford, May
Regular City Commission
July 13, 2026
Attachment A to
7-13-26 Minutes
Valerie Pickett
351 4th St
Atlantic Beach, Florida; 32233
Pickettisp@gmail.com
July 9, 2025
City Commission
City of Atlantic Beach
800 Seminole Road
Atlantic Beach, FL 32233
7/ /31,Z4, A;aIly ww �erS
Subject: Preserving the Heart of Atlantic Beach: A Shared Effort to Protect Our
Tree Canopy
Dear Mayor and Members of the City Commission,
I am writing to you today out of a deep love for our community and a desire to preserve
the unique, inclusive character that makes Atlantic Beach such a special place for
everyone. Our maritime forest and mature trees are central to our quality of life, our
neighborhood charm, and our environmental resilience. However, watching the steady
loss of our historic trees to recent residential development has raised some gentle but
urgent concerns that I hope we can address together.
The Atlantic Beach Environmental Stewardship Committee (ESC) recently shared data
that helps illustrate why our current protections may need to be reconsidered:
• A Gap in Replacement: In 2025, 4,436 inches of tree diameter were removed
under city permits, but only 1,839 inches were replanted. We are currently
replacing less than half of the mature canopy we lose.
• The True Value of a Tree: Right now, the average mitigation cost is about
$3,100 per permit, which breaks down to roughly $810 per tree. When a
beautiful, mature tree is valued environmentally between $5,000 and $30,000, a
small fee doesn't provide enough encouragement for a builder to design around
it, especially on high-end properties.
• A Concerning Winter Trend: Over just a three-month period (December through
February), 73 trees were permitted for removal, while zero trees were replanted
on-site, resulting in $133,000 paid into the tree fund instead.
• Tiny Substitutions: While planting new trees is wonderful, replacing a century -
old tree with a small 3 -inch sapling means it will take decades to restore the
shade and wildlife habitat we lost, and some of those young trees struggle to
survive.
These numbers reflect real changes happening right outside our front doors. On 4th
Street, where we once enjoyed a full, beautiful canopy, the landscape is shifting quickly
as our impervious surface areas grow:
358 4th Street: A newly built home recently cleared all the trees on the lot.
including legacy hardwoods.
350 4th Street: This neighboring property just sold. It is home to three
magnificent, 100 -plus -year-old hardwoods that are now vulnerable. The resident
Attachment A to
7-13-26 Minutes
owls that nest here and use these flight paths will soon have to look for a new
home.
Accidental Losses: We have felt these losses personally. On our property line,
we lost three trees over a century old because a builder failed to tell their
excavator about a prior agreement to use a bridge footer, and the roots were
completely severed. Around the same time, a neighbor behind us on 5th Street
built a pool, which inadvertently destroyed the root system of a mature tree sitting
catty -corner on our lot.
Additionally, residents have noticed a troubling loophole regarding tree health
assessments. It appears too easy for a private arborist hired by a developer to
declare a healthy, mature tree "diseased" or "dying" simply to clear the path for
construction. To protect our remaining trees from unwarranted removals, we need
a neutral, independent verification system using the City Arborist.
Our tree canopy belongs to the whole community, and its preservation depends directly
on our city policies and regulations. To help balance growth with the preservation of our
natural environment, I respectfully ask the Commission to consider a few thoughtful
updates:
1 Adjust Mitigation Fees and Fines: Please consider raising these fees so they
more accurately reflect the true worth of a mature tree, encouraging developers
to build with nature rather than clearing it.
Strengthen On -Site Protection Requirements: Ensure builders and
subcontractors are held accountable for keeping root zones safe during
construction, protecting trees that neighbors have agreed to save.
Re-evaluate Lot Setbacks: When the timing is right, I hope we can look at our
building footprints and setbacks to lower impervious surface ratios, ensuring our
homes fit into our landscape rather than replacing it.
Our tree canopy belongs to the whole community, and its preservation depends directly
on the choices we make today. By closing private arborist loopholes, aligning mitigation
fees with the true value of mature trees, and revisiting lot setbacks, we can ensure that
Atlantic Beach remains a vibrant, canopy -rich home for everyone. Thank you for your
time, your dedication to our town, and your thoughtful consideration of these updates to
protect our shared future.
Thank you so much for your time,
to keep Atlantic Beach a beautiful,
Sincerely,
Valerie Pickett
351 4th Street
Atlantic Beach, FI
904-3$6_15$7
your dedication to our town, and your ongoing efforts
canopy -rich home for generations to come.
Attachment B to
7-13-26 Minutes
CITY OF ATLANTIC BEACH
OFFICE OF THE CITY MANAGER
800 Seminole Road
Atlantic Beach, Florida 32233
(904) 247-5817
City Manager's Community Update
Date: July 13, 2026
To: The Atlantic Beach Community and City Commission
From: Kevin Hogencamp, City Manager/khogencampPcoab.us
ptLANij�
o eF
CENTENNIAL
Ert.1925
This report provides an update on primary administrative and community -focused initiatives
under way at City Hall. Our office remains focused on maintaining momentum across key
programming, infrastructure, environmental, and intergovernmental projects. City
Manager's Community Updates, including related links, are available on the City's website
and across official digital channels.
Key Community Updates
Building and Finance Reports: The Building Department Monthly Activity Report is
published in the City Commission agenda packet on the second Monday of each
month. Beginning in August 2026, the Monthly Finance Report will also be published
in the packet on the second Monday of each month.
Marsh Oaks Community Center and Town Hall Meeting: While the town hall
meeting on July 18 is open to dialogue on any topic, staff will actively seek
community input regarding parks master planning and specific programming
opportunities for the Marsh Oaks Community Center. The town hall begins at 10
a.m. at the Gail Baker Community Center.
FY 2026-27 Budget Strategy and Budget Workshops: Staff has published the
budget document reviewed by the Commission at its June 22 meeting and is
preparing for the second budget workshop on July 20. The upcoming workshop will
feature an overview of staff's proposed spending plan, alongside presentations
from the Police Department and Public Utilities Department. These sessions
precede the Commission's formal adoption of the budget and millage rate in
September. Public input is welcome throughout the budget process, and each
workshop begins at 6 p.m.
Centennial / America 250 Celebration: Our Neighborhoods staff planned and
executed a stellar event with significant assistance from Police Department staff,
community volunteers, and Arts, Recreation and Culture Committee members
Josue Cruz, Curtis Winter, and Ingrid McCawley. Also lending a major helping hand
were community members Lenny Jevic and Julie Hammond, local Scout Troop 37,
the Beaches Honor Guard, and additional city staff. Capt. Mike Trumbull,
Attachment B to
7-13-26 Minutes
commanding officer of Naval Station Mayport, delivered an excellent keynote
speech.
On the Calendar
• Arts, Recreation, and Culture Grants: The application window for FY 2026-27
municipal funding to support programs benefiting Atlantic Beach residents is open
through July 27.
CITY OF ATLANTIC BEACH
Mission
The place to be -- through exceptional public services.
2040 Vision
In Atlantic Beach, we have a strong sense of belonging and safety. Our citizens and government care
deeply about community character, and we understand that unified support is required to
preserve it. We are graced with the functional beauty of our beach, our marsh, and our tree
canopy. Our shady streets and multi -use paths connect our welcoming neighborhoods and
vibrant local businesses. Our city supports our diverse, multigenerational, socially linked
community with green spaces, active lifestyles, parks, and programming.
City Commission Priorities
In 2018, the Atlantic Beach City Commission began undertaking an annual exercise that establishes
priorities for citygovernment. This endeavor is facilitated by Atlantic Beach resident Linda Lanier,
who volunteers her services.
2
Attachment ^ `^
7-13-26 Minu
PROCLAMATION
A N EW DAY.
WHEREAS: In 2026, Atlantic Beach proudly celebrates the centennial of its
incorporation, commemorating a century of community, resilience, and
coastal heritage; and
WHEREAS: From its early beginnings as a seaside destination to the vibrant
community it is today, Atlantic Beach has preserved its distinctive coastal
character while embracing thoughtful growth, fostering vibrant
neighborhoods, and creating a welcoming place where neighbors,
families, and visitors from all walks of life gather to enjoy its beautiful
beaches, scenic parks, locally owned shops and restaurants, and
exceptional quality of life; and
WHEREAS: For 100 years, Atlantic Beach has helped shape the identity of the First
Coast through its rich coastal heritage, thriving local business
community, its commitment to environmental stewardship, and
enduring contributions to the cultural, recreational, and economic vitality
of Duval County; and
WHEREAS: This centennial celebration provides an opportunity to recognize the
generations of residents, civic leaders, businesses, and volunteers
whose dedication has strengthened the community, preserved its
distinctive character, and built the strong sense of connection and
belonging that defines Atlantic Beach; and
WHEREAS: Together, we celebrate Atlantic Beach's remarkable first century, honor
the strong partnership with the City of Jacksonville, and reaffirm a
shared commitment to preserving the unique character and enduring
vitality of the First Coast for generations to come.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, Donna Deegan, by virtue of the authority vested in me as
Mayor of Jacksonville, Florida, do hereby proclaim July 11, 2026, as
ATLANTIC BEACH CENTENNIAL
CELEBRATION DAY
in Jacksonville and encourage all residents to join me in recognizing this
historic milestone, celebrating Atlantic. Beach's first century of
community, coastal heritage, and enduring spirit, and wishing its
residents continued success and prosperity for generations to come.
IN WITNESS THEREOF, this 11"' day of July
in the year Two Thousand and Twenty -Six.
CITY OF JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA
MAYOR
Attachment D to
T-13-26 Minutes
RESOLUTION NO. 26 -XX
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF ATLANTIC BEACH,
FLORIDA, EXPRESSING SUPPORT FOR A LEGISLATIVE AMENDMENT TO
SECTION 166.04151, FLORIDA STATUTES (THE "LIVE LOCAL ACT"), TO PROVIDE
A NARROWLY TAILORED OPT -OUT PROVISION FOR SMALL,
GEOGRAPHICALLY CONSTRAINED COASTAL BARRIER ISLAND
MUNICIPALITIES; AUTHORIZING THE MAYOR TO EXECUTE AND TRANSMIT A
LETTER OF SUPPORT TO STATE REPRESENTATIVE KIYAN MICHAEL;
DIRECTING TRANSMITTAL; AND PROVIDING AN EFFECTIVE DATE.
WHEREAS, the State of Florida enacted Section 166.0415 1, Florida Statutes, commonly
known as the "Live Local Act," to increase the supply of affordable housing throughout the state,
an objective the City of Atlantic Beach (the "City") shares and supports; and
WHEREAS, Section 166.04151(7), Florida Statutes, requires municipalities to authorize
multifamily and mixed-use residential development as allowable uses in any area zoned for
commercial, industrial, or mixed use for qualifying affordable housing developments, and
preempts local regulation of the density, height, and floor area ratio of such developments
notwithstanding the municipality's land development regulations and comprehensive plan; and
WHEREAS, the City is a small coastal community located >n 5W EphlgDelet * on a c*WAI barrio iataed, as (bat tam is defied
landmass fronting the Atlantic Ocean and separated from the mainland by the Atlantic Intracoastal n saaiao t61.053(I)X(bd3., Florida stadeea,
Waterway, which functions geologically, ecologically, and practically as a coastal barrier island.
Wrticularly _Kith resrxxt to _ hurricane . evacuation_ and emery access. encompassing
approximately three and one-half square miles of land area and having a population of fewer than
fifteen thousand residents; and
WHEREAS. the definition of "coastal barrier islands" in Section 161.0530 kb)3.. Florida
Statutes, excludes mainland areas separated from the mainland by artificial channelization for the
pu_!M of assisting marine commerce, and the eligibility criteria for the proposed amendment
should therefore be drafted to encompass coastal communities, such as Atlantic Beach, whose
landmass was spa from_thc mainland by the dredging of the Intracoastal Waterwgy: and
WHEREAS, the mandatory preemption of the City's limited commercial zones presents
distinct implementation challenges for highly specialized, geographically constrained coastal
environments such as Atlantic Beach, permanently reducing the scarce commercial acreage
necessary to support local retail, neighborhood services, and the municipal tax base; and
WHEREAS, small coastal barrier island communities lack the infrastructure capacity,
hurricane evacuation efficiency, and emergency shelter space necessary to safely accommodate
the substantial increases in population density contemplated by the Act's broad statewide
framework; and
WHEREAS, the unique architectural character, historic charm, and sensitive coastal
ecology of Florida's smallest beach towns serve as irreplaceable economic drivers for regional
Attachment D to
7-13-26 Minutes
tourism and are fundamentally incompatible with high-density, urban -scale residential
development; and
WHEREAS, the City Council of the neighboring City of Neptune Beach has authorized
its Mayor to transmit a letter to State Representative Kiyan Michael requesting sponsorship of a
targeted amendment to the Live Local Act, and the City desires to join in and support that request;
and
WHEREAS, a targeted opt -out provision limited to municipalities that are located on a
coastal barrier island or on a coastal landmass scoarated from the mainland by the Intracoastal
Waterway, encompass less than tat (10) square miles of land area, and have a population of fewer
than twenty-five thousand (25,000) residents would narrowly protect Florida's most vulnerable
beach communities without undermining the broader statewide housing goals of the Live Local
Act.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Commission of the City of
Atlantic Beach, Florida, as follows:
SECTION 1. Recitals. The foregoing recitals are true and correct and are incorporated
herein by this reference.
SECTION 2. Expression of Support. The City Commission hereby expresses its formal
support for a targeted legislative amendment to Section 166.0415 1, Florida Statutes, substantially
in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A, allowing a municipality to opt out of the Live Local Act's
density and zoning preemption provisions by resolution or ordinance if the municipality: (a) is
located on a coastal barrier island as defined in Section 161.053(l)(b)3., Florida Statut or on a {Delete&:
coastal landmass frontin- tkcan. the Gulf of America, or the Straits of Florida which
is separated from the mainland by the Intracoastal Watemay, regardless of whether such
separation resulted from artificial channelization: (b) encompasses less than ten (10) square miles
of land area; and (c) has a population of fewer than twenty-five thousand (25,000) residents.
SECTION 3. Authorization. The City Commission hereby authorizes the Mayor to
execute and transmit to State Representative Kiyan Michael a letter of support requesting
sponsorship of the proposed amendment, substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B,
together with such non -substantive revisions as may be approved by the Mayor upon the advice of
the City Attorney.
SECTION 4. Transmittal. The City Clerk is hereby directed to transmit a certified copy
of this Resolution to State Representative Kiyan Michael, the members of the Duval County
Legislative Delegation, the City of Neptune Beach, and the Florida League of Cities.
SECTION 5. Effective Date. This Resolution shall take effect immediately upon its
passage and adoption.
PASSED AND ADOPTED by the City Commission of the City of Atlantic Beach.
Florida. this day of _ , 2026.
M
Attachment D to
'07-13-26 Minutes
CITY OF ATLANTIC BEACH, FLORIDA
Curtis Ford, Mayor
ATTEST:
Donna L. Bartle, City Clerk
Approved as to form and correctness:
Jason Gabriel, City Attorney
Attachment D to
7-13-26 Minutes
COAB LETTERHEAD
July 2, 2026
Representative Kiyan Michael
Florida House of Representatives
421 Third Street North
Jacksonville Beach, Florida 32250-7028
Dear Representative Michael:
I am writing on behalf of the City of Atlantic Beach to express our City's support for, and to join
the City of Neptune Beach in respectfully requesting your sponsorship of, legislation amending
Section 166.04151, Florida Statutes, commonly known as the Live Local Act, to provide a
narrowly tailored exemption for Florida's smallest and most geographically constrained coastal
municipalities.
The State's efforts to increase housing opportunities and address affordability challenges are
commendable. However, the current language of the Live Local Act presents distinct
implementation challenges for certain highly specialized coastal environments whose unique
geographic, economic, and infrastructural conditions were not contemplated by the Act's broad
statewide framework.
As currently written, the Act requires municipalities to permit high-density multifamily residential
development within qualifying commercial and mixed-use districts. For small coastal barrier
island communities, where developable land is extraordinarily limited, this mandatory preemption
has the unintended consequence of permanently reducing the scarce commercial acreage necessary
to support local businesses, neighborhood services, and municipal revenues. Once converted to
residential use, these commercial properties are unlikely to return to productive commercial
activity, thereby diminishing the local tax base and forcing residents to travel off -island for basic
goods and services that have historically been available within their communities. Of arguably
even greater concern is the Act's impact on safety, particularly in relation to extreme weather
events such as hurricanes. Small barrier islands simply do not have the infrastructure to withstand
the sort of increase in population density the Act anticipates when it comes to this category of
safety risks, which includes Flooding, debris, hurricane evacuation efficiency, and sufficient
shelter space.
Moreover, Florida's smallest beach towns possess a unique architectural character, historic charm,
and sensitive coastal ecology that serve as irreplaceable economic engines for regional tourism.
These communities were established and have evolved at a scale fundamentally different from
Florida's urban centers. The high-density residential development authorized under the current
Act is often incompatible with the infrastructure capacity, evacuation constraints, environmental
sensitivities, and community character that define these municipalities. The resulting development
pressures threaten not only local quality of life but also the tourism assets that contribute
significantly to Florida's broader economy.
800 Seminole. Road • Atlantic Beach. Florida 32233
(9041247-5800
Attachment D to
7-13-26 Minutes
To address these concerns while preserving the overarching goals of the Live Local Act, we
respectfully request consideration of a targeted amendment allowing a municipality to opt out of
the Act's density and zoning preemption provisions if it meets all of the following criteria:
1. The municipality is located on a coastal barrier island as defined by Section
161.053(1)(b)3. Florida Statutes, or on a coastal landmass fronting the Atlantic Ocean or
the Gulf which. is separated frvm the mainland by t Intracoastal Waterway. including
where such separation resulted from artificial channel iration; and
2. The municipality encompasses less than ten (10) square miles of land area; and
3. The municipality has a population of fewer than twenty-five thousand (25,000) residents.
The City of Atlantic Beach, p coastal Wrilmunity situated on San Pahlo Island and separated from aconw tamer islod comumity
the mainland by the Intracoastal Waterway, consisting of approximately three and one-half square
miles and fewer than fifteen thousand residents, is precisely the type of small, geographically
constrained municipality this amendment is intended to address. This proposed exemption would
be carefully limited to a small number of uniquely situated municipalities and would not materially
impair the State's broader efforts to increase housing supply. Rather, it would recognize that
Florida's most vulnerable coastal communities face circumstances that differ substantially from
those of larger inland and metropolitan jurisdictions and therefore warrant narrowly crafted
legislative accommodation.
We would welcome the opportunity to discuss this proposal further and to work with you on
language that balances the State's housing objectives with the preservation of Florida's distinctive
coastal communities. Thank you for your consideration of this important matter and for your
continued service to the residents of Northeast Florida.
Sincerely,
Curtis Ford
Mayor
City of Atlantic Beach
cc: Atlantic Beach City Commission
Mr. Kevin Hogencamp, City Manager
Mr. Jason Gabriel, City Attorney
Attachment D to
7-13-26 Minutes
ATTACHMENT A (REVISED)
Suggested Amendment to Section 166.04151, Florida Statutes
The following language is suggested for amendment of Section 166.04151, Florida Statutes.
Proposed new language is underlined; existing statutory text is shown for placement only.
166.04151 Affordable housing.—
(7) [... I
(p) This subsection expires October 1, 2033.
(q)1. Notwithstanding any other provision of this subsection, a municipality may elect, by
resolution or ordinance adopted by its governing body, to be exempt from the requirements of this
subsection if the municipality:
a. Is located entirely on a coastal barrier island as defined in s. 161.053(1)(b)3., or
entirely on a coastal landmass fronting the Atlantic Ocean, the Gulf of America, or the
Straits of Florida which is separated from the mainland by the waters of the Intracoastal
Waterway, regardless of whether such separation resulted from artificial channelization;
b. Has a land area of less than 10 square miles, and
c. Has a population of fewer than 25,000 residents according to the most recent
decennial census conducted by the United States Census Bureau.
2. An election made under this paragraph applies to any application for development
authorized under this subsection which is submitted on or after the effective date of the resolution
or ordinance making the election.
Attachment E to
7-13-26 Minutes
Tree Code Comparison
• Please note that these examples use the mitigation ratio applicable to new
construction projects.
• The required mitigation may vary based on project -specific factors, including
but not limited to arborist evaluations, tree health and condition, species,
size, the number of trees preserved or removed, and other applicable
regulatory considerations.
• These examples are provided for illustrative purposes only and should not be
interpreted as final mitigation requirements for any specific project.
• Any modifications to the underlying code, assumptions, calculation
methodology, or applicable regulations may change the findings and results
presented in these examples.
• Final mitigation requirements should be determined based on the complete
pro J.ect information and the applicable codes, ordinances, and agency review
at the time of evaluation.
07.09.26
Attachment E to
7-13-26 Mlnutes
1 12" DBH Cabbage Palm
REAR
YARD
(SETBACK)
SIDE
YARD
(SETBACK)
FRONT
YARD
,SETBACK)
LOT LS+IES
BUILDABLE
AREA —
I �
L .
1
I �
I �
. . . . . . . .
FRONT LOT LINE —
y STREET R.O.W.
REQUIRED
30" DBH Live Oak
BUILDING AREA
OR FOOTPRINT
BUILDING LINE
10" DBH Maple
EXAMPLE: Existing code
New Construction:
Removed
12" Palm =
30" Live Oak =
10" Maple=
Mitigation Owed
18"
60"
15"
93" TOTAL
sTREET T ( Timeframe: 10 day review by staff (includes review
by tree subcommittee)
Attachment E to
7-13-26 Minutes
1 12" DBH Cabbage Palm
LOT UMS
REAR
YARD BUILDABLE
(SETBACK) (( AREA
1 I
N v
SIDE
YARD-!�
1
(SETBACK)! I
i
i � I
. --_i I.. _ . _ . _.
FRONT
YARD
;SETBACK)
STREET I
FRONT LOT LINE
STREET R.O.W.
I
EXAMPLE: Ord. No. 95-26-128
New Construction:
REQUIRED Removed Mitigation Owed
YARD
30" DBH Live Oak 12" Palm = 18"
BUILDING AREA 30" Live Oak = Requires CDB & Comm. approval— could be required
' OR FOOTPRINT
to relocate or mitigate. Mitigation rate TBD by Commission.
10" Maple= 15"
BUILDING LINE
1 10" DBH Maple
Timeframe: 2-3 months review/approval because 30" DBH
live oak requires CDB and Commission Approval*.
*Must demonstrate that removal is unavoidable
Attachment E to
7-13-26 Minutes
1 12" DBH Cabbage Palm
LOT LINES
REAR
YARD lip
BUILDABLE
(SETBACK)
!
AREA
1
i I
�
SIDE
YARD -
N v
I %
Y
(SETBACK)
I
FRONT
YARD I
;SETBACK) I FRONT LOT LINE
STREET R.O.W.
STREET
REQUIRED
--YARD -
30" DBH Live Oak
BUILDING AREA
OR FOOTPRINT
BUILDING LINE —
10" DBH Maple
EXAMPLE: Setbacks and building footprint^
New Construction:
12" Palm = not permitted to be removed because it is in
the setback
10" Maple = not permitted to be removed because it is
in the setback
30" Live Oak = Requires CDB & Comm. approval—
could be required to relocate or mitigate. However,
would be given a 50% reduction in required mitigation.
Timeframe: 2-3 months review/approval because 30"
DBH live oak requires CDB and Commission Approval*.
*Must demonstrate that removal is unavoidable
^assumed Ord. No. 95-26-128 passed as presented on 1 St read
Attachment E to
7-13-26 Minutes
12" DBH Cabbage Palm
LOT LINES — — —�
REAR 1
YARD !10 BUILDABLE
(SETBACK) !
e ; AREA
1
I �
h• , r
SIDE
YARD -
(SETBACK)I I I
i
c I
FRONT
YARD I
;SETBACK) I FRONT LOT LIN
STREET R.O.W.
STREET I
CABBAGE PALMSA
New Construction:
REQUIRED Removed Mitigation Owed
=-YARDL
30" DBH Live Oak 12" Palm = none
BUILDING AREA30" Live Oak = Requires CDB & Comm. approval— could be required
OR FOOTPRINT
to relocate or mitigate. Mitigation TBD by Commission.
10" Maple= 15"
BUILDING LINE
1 10" DBH Maple
Timeframe: 2-3 months review/approval because 30" DBH
Live oak requires CDB and Commission Approval*.
*Must demonstrate that removal is unavoidable
assumed Ord. No. 95-26-128 passed as presented on 1St read
Attachment G to
7-13-26 Minutes APP26mOOO2
970 Jasmine Street
Request to appeal the administrative interpretation of
Section 24-151 of the Land Development Regulations
regarding the classification of an electrical meter and
breaker panel mounted on a permanent utility pedestal as
mechanical equipment subject to the required five-foot
side yard setback. The purpose of this appeal is for the
City Commission to determine whether the staff
interpretation of Section 24-151 is consistent with the
intent and language of the Land Development
Regulations and whether the administrative decision
should be affirmed or reversed.
Attachment G to
7-13-26 Minutes
%t
k)02
011
15
0
I,
I
89071
933
O
0
11OW3 6100
;,.
9510
M,
i
Pursuant to Section 24-46 of the
Land Development Regulations, the
rrC
City Commission is responsible for
hearing and deciding appeals of
administrative decisions made by
923 the Planning and Community
Development Director.
425 910 3
I
w
West 96st t 4 k w The applicant, Cody Dubin, is
F appealing the City's interpretation
pp g Y p
of Section 24-151(k) regarding
mechanical equipment setback
requirements.
Attachment to Background
7-13-26 Minutes
The applicant is
requesting
approval to allow
an exterior
electrical meter
and breaker panel
to remain
approximately
one (1) foot from
the north
property line at
970 Jasmine
Street (RE#
170973 6100),
within the
required five-foot
setback for
mechanical
equipment.
Attachment G to
7-13-26 Minutes
Background
The electrical meter and breaker panel were installed
to support an irrigation system utilizing an on-site well
and water pump required for tree mitigation. The
applicant received electrical service approval from JEA;
however, the location of the equipment was not
shown on the approved building plans and there is no
documentation indicating City approval of the
location.
Attachment G to
7-13-26 Minutes
Background
I- Although both current and former City staff visited the
property during various stages of development, there is no
written documentation demonstrating that the location of
the electrical equipment was evaluated for zoning
compliance or formally approved.
Not shown on approved plans
Attachment G to
7-13-26 Minutes
Background
"I Staff determined that the electrical meter and breaker
panel constitute mechanical equipment under
Section 24-151(k) because they are permanent utility
infrastructure serving the residence. Although not
specifically listed, staff interprets the ordinance's
reference to "similar equipment" to include
permanent electrical service equipment.
Attachment G to
7-13-26 Minutes
Section 24-151 (k)
"(k)Mechanical equipment.
On lots that are within or adjacent to a residential zoning
district, equipment such as heating and air conditioning
units, pumps, compressors, pool equipment, generators, or
similar equipment shall not be located in the required front
yard or closer than five (5) feet from any lot line that is
adjacent to a residential use. Itis the intent of this provision
to require placement of such equipment in a location that
does not unreasonably disturb neighbors. This requirement
shall not apply to replacement of such equipment lawfully
installed prior to the effective date of these land
development regulations."
Attachment G to
7-13-26 Minutes
Section 24-151 (k)
" Although electrical meters and breaker panels are not
specifically identified in the ordinance, staff interprets
these installations as "similar equipment" because they
are permanent utility infrastructure serving the principal
use of the property. Accordingly, staff determined that the
electrical meter and breaker panel are subject to the five-
foot setback requirement established in Section 24-
151(k)(1).
Federal Emergency Management Agency does clearly
include electric equipment in its mechanical equipment
guidelines for floodplain elevation requirements.
Attachment G to
7-13-26 Minutes
Background
Staff is
not aware
of any recently constructed
single-family
homes
where
the
permanent electrical
meter
and
breaker
panel are installed as a freestanding structure separate
from the principal dwelling.
Typically - these components are mounted directly to the
home and are generally located in the same area as other
permanent service equipment, such as cable service box,
or other mechanical systems.
Because this installation consists of permanent utility
infrastructure serving the residence, staff has determined
that the electrical meter and breaker panel are
appropriately classified as mechanical equipment for
purposes of applying Section 24-151— 5ft setback
rPntjirpd-
Attachment G to
7-13-26 Minutes
Background
The applicant requests approval to allow the equipment
to remain in its current location within the required
setback area.
af
AAA
eff. 11/2/2018
,q.
L�
Attachment G to
7-13-26 Minutes
APPEAL REQUEST
The applicant proposes than electrical leaving an electrical panel
and electrical breaker within the required 5 -foot setback for
mechanical equipment. Section 24-151(k)(1) requires a
minimum five-foot separation between mechanical equipment
and side and rear yard property lines. Adequate space exists
through the new home build to locate the electrical panel and
electrical breaker box in compliance with the required setback,
without the need for a variance or encroachment.
Attachment G to
7-13-26 Minutes
Staff Summary
Staff has determined that the electrical meter and breaker
panel, mounted on a permanent utility pedestal, constitute
mechanical equipment for purposes of the Land Development
Regulations. As such, they are subject to the requirements of
Section 24-151 of the Land Development Code, including the
mandatory five-foot side yard setback.
The purpose of this appeal is for the City Commission to
determine whether the staff interpretation of Section 24-151 is
consistent with the intent and language of the Land
Development Regulations and whether the administrative
decision should be affirmed or reversed.
Attachment G to
7-13-26 Minutes
The Commission may consider a motion to approve Appeal
APP26-0002, thereby reversing the staff interpretation that the
electrical meter and breaker panel constitute mechanical
equipment under Section 24-151(k) of the Land Development
Regulations. Approval of the appeal would determine that the
installation is not subject to the five-foot side yard setback
requirement applicable to mechanical equipment under Section
24-151(k).
The Commission may consider a motion to deny Appeal APP26-
0002, thereby affirming staff interpretation that the electrical
meter and breaker panel constitute mechanical equipment
under Section 24-151(k) of the Land Development Regulations.
Denial of the appeal would uphold staff's determination that the
installation is subject to the required five-foot side yard setback.