Loading...
Impervious surface at ABCC - 15Doug, The figure that Alex came up with is 133,218.95 The tennis courts are 50,400 divide it by 2 = 25,200 Summary: 133,218.95 25,200 158,418.95 Scott From: Layton, Douglas Sent: Tuesday, May 19, 2015 12:43 PM To: Williams, Scott Cc: Moore, Kayle Subject: FW: Impervious surface at ABCC Scott, Today is the last day for them to respond. Please calculate the final Impervious in 50% for current tennis courts. Use ABCC’s (Alex’s) Impervious number from their previous email and add the tennis courts @ 50%. Thanks, Doug From: Layton, Douglas Sent: Wednesday, May 13, 2015 11:30 AM To: 'Doug Maier'; 'Rick Wood' Cc: Moore, Kayle; Williams, Scott Subject: RE: Impervious surface at ABCC Rick & Doug, I plan to move forward considering the court surfaces to be 50% impervious as discussed below unless I hear back from you in the next week. Doug From: Layton, Douglas Sent: Thursday, April 30, 2015 11:47 AM To: 'Doug Maier'; 'Rick Wood' Cc: Moore, Kayle; Williams, Scott Subject: FW: Impervious surface at ABCC Doug & Rick, I asked CDM to look into our discussion. Their analysis is below that shows there is approximately a 2% credit for the courts over impervious. In layman’s terms the more porous material under the courts remains full of water due to the constant application of water to keep the surface playable. The porous space under the courts is therefore is never available to take/store/hold rainfall. You may notice that sometimes water may seep out from under the edges of the courts surfaces when the material below the courts become saturated. I don’t want a disagreement over this item and suggest we compromise and treat this as we would pervious pavers and count the court surfaces as 50% pervious in our calculation. This seems reasonable to me as the material can be called partially pervious and that is the only other allocation defined by the City code. Your thoughts? Doug From: Victor, Patrick [mailto:VictorPR@cdmsmith.com] Sent: Wednesday, April 29, 2015 6:57 PM To: Layton, Douglas Subject: RE: Impervious surface at ABCC Doug, We look at how much water would infiltrate into those courts and can provide runoff credit base on available pore space which is extremely small. We can discuss further tomorrow. See below for calculation detail. To determine how much water can be stored in the porous tennis courts, the void space that is available to store water must be calculated. Determination of BMP_Vol_Captured: Assumptions: - The material from the permeability test is uniform across the entire surface area of the courts and 4” deep. - The solid density of the material (?s) is 2.70 Mg/m3 which is the typical value for soil material. - The mass of air (Ma) in the sample is equivalent to zero. Knowns: Figure 1. Volumetric and mass relationships for the Har Tru material sample shown in a phase diagram. [LosPalmos_DrainStudy] Ma = 0 Row = 62.43 lbs/ft3 Ros = 2.70 Mg/m3 = 168.56 lbs/ft3 SA = surface area of the tennis courts = 50,748 ft2 d = Depth of court material = 4 in = 0.33 ft From Froehline & Roberston, Inc. Permeability Test: H = Height = 15.24 in D = Diameter = 11.38 in A = Area = 101.71 in2 Vt = Total Volume = 1550.10 in3 = 0.90 ft3 W = weight = 7.39 g w = moisture content = 3.60 % Rod = dry density = 118.86 pcf (lbs/ft3) Vt = Vs + Vw + Va Mt = Ms + Mw Rod = Ms/Vt Vs = Ms/ros w = Mw/Ms * 100 Vw = Mw/row Since the dry density and the total volume of the sample is known the total mass of the solids can be calculated. Ms = Rod * Vt = 118.86 lbs/ft3 * 0.90 ft3 = 106.97 lbs Next the volume that these solids occupy within the same can be computed. Vs = Ms/ros = (106.97 lbs) / (168.56 lbs/ft3) = 0.63 ft3 Since the water content, and now, the mass of the solids are known, the total mass of water within the sample can be determined. Mw = wMs/100 = ((3.60%)*(106.97 lbs)) / 100 = 3.27 lbs Then the volume that this water occupies can be calculated because the density of water is also known. Vw = Mw/row = (3.27 lbs) / (62.43 lbs/ft3) = 0.05 ft3 Now the volume of air can be calculated which will indicate how much volume is available for water storage during a rain event. Va = Vt – Vs – Vw = 0.90 ft3 – 0.63 ft3 – 0.05 ft3 = 0.22 ft3 Therefore the percent of the volume that is available for storage is equal to the volume of air divided by the total volume of the sample. % of volume available for storage = 0.22 ft3 / 0.90 ft3 * 100 = 24% If this percentage is applied across the entire volume of the tennis courts then the BMP_Vol_Captured will be found. Vc = volume of tennis court material = SA * d = 50748 ft2 * 0.33 ft = 16,916 ft3 BMP_Vol_Captured = Vc * % of volume available for storage = 16,916 ft3 * 24% = 4,060 ft3 The 25 year 24 hour design storm volume is calculated by multiplying the amount of rain from the storm event over the surface area of the tennis courts. In the Arlington area the 25 year 24 hour design storm amount is 9.30 inches. Now the 25yr_24hr_Storm_Vol can be computed. 25yr_24hr_Storm_Vol = 50,748 ft2 * 9.3 in * (1ft/12in) = 39,330 ft3 Finally the amount of credit can be calculated. Credit = BMP_Vol_Captured / 25yr_24hr_Storm_Vol * 0.20 = (4,060 ft3)/(39,330 ft3) * 0.20 = 2.1% Patrick CDM Smith Inc 904.504.3621 victorpr@cdmsmith.com<mailto:victorpr@cdmsmith.com> From: Layton, Douglas [mailto:dlayton@coab.us] Sent: Wednesday, April 29, 2015 5:42 PM To: Victor, Patrick Subject: RE: Impervious surface at ABCC Anytime after 9:30. Let’s say 10:00. Doug From: Victor, Patrick [mailto:VictorPR@cdmsmith.com] Sent: Wednesday, April 29, 2015 5:42 PM To: Layton, Douglas Subject: RE: Impervious surface at ABCC Doug, I’ll call you tomorrow. When would be a good time? Patrick CDM Smith Inc 904.504.3621 victorpr@cdmsmith.com<mailto:victorpr@cdmsmith.com> From: Layton, Douglas [mailto:dlayton@coab.us] Sent: Wednesday, April 29, 2015 4:08 PM To: Victor, Patrick Subject: RE: Impervious surface at ABCC Patrick, Any feedback on this question? Doiug From: Layton, Douglas Sent: Thursday, April 23, 2015 4:45 PM To: 'victorpr@cdm.com' Cc: Van Liere, Nelson Subject: FW: Impervious surface at ABCC Patrick, I’m told by COJ that CDM did a study on a “clay” tennis court for them shortly after the initiation of their stormwater utility. As you can see, I am in a discussion on this topic with the Atlantic Beach Country Club. Can you shed any light on the discussion from CDM’s prior research? Doug From: Alex Acree [mailto:alex.acree@taylorandwhite.com] Sent: Thursday, April 23, 2015 4:14 PM To: Rick Wood; Layton, Douglas Cc: Glynn Taylor; 'Doug Maier'; Williams, Scott; Moore, Kayle; mike.carlin80@gmail.com<mailto:mike.carlin80@gmail.com>; 'Ed Tucker' Subject: RE: Impervious surface at ABCC Doug, Please see attached documentation from Har-Tru regarding the pervious material used to construct the tennis courts. Thanks, Alex R. Acree, P.E. Project Engineer - Taylor & White, Inc. 9556 Historic Kings Road S., Suite 102 - Jacksonville, Florida 32257 t: (904) 346-0671 - f: (904) 346-3051 - m: (904) 874-2307 www.TaylorandWhite.com<http://www.taylorandwhite.com/> - Alex.Acree@TaylorandWhite.com<mailto:Alex.Acree@TaylorandWhite.com> From: Rick Wood [mailto:rwood@wooddev.net] Sent: Thursday, April 23, 2015 3:40 PM To: 'Layton, Douglas'; Alex Acree Cc: Glynn Taylor; 'Doug Maier'; 'Williams, Scott'; 'Moore, Kayle'; mike.carlin80@gmail.com<mailto:mike.carlin80@gmail.com>; 'Ed Tucker' Subject: RE: Impervious surface at ABCC Doug, I’ve asked Alex to research as tennis company represented the Har-Tru courts were considered pervious for permitting purposes. Doesn’t mean it’s true but again asked Alex to research. Thanks, Rick Rick Wood The Wood Development Company of Jacksonville 414 Old Hard Road, Suite 502 Fleming Island, Florida 32003 904 264-6553 office 904 269-2729 facsimile 904 813-5647 cellular rwood@wooddev.net<mailto:rwood@wooddev.net> From: Layton, Douglas [mailto:dlayton@coab.us] Sent: Thursday, April 23, 2015 3:10 PM To: Alex Acree Cc: Rick Wood ; Glynn Taylor; Doug Maier; Williams, Scott; Moore, Kayle Subject: RE: Impervious surface at ABCC Alex, We did include the tennis courts in our calculations. Since you did not, I checked with Jacksonville to see how they accounted for clay courts. They do include clay courts as impervious as water does not normally penetrate the court surfaces. Seems reasonable to me, probably because that was what I was thinking originally. We are willing to accept your calculations of 133, 173 SF as a baseline for the stormwater fee if you will add in the court surfaces. Thanks, Doug From: Alex Acree [mailto:alex.acree@taylorandwhite.com] Sent: Friday, April 17, 2015 3:25 PM To: Doug Maier Cc: Rick Wood ; Layton, Douglas; Glynn Taylor Subject: RE: Impervious surface at ABCC Doug, See below and attached for breakdown. I re-calculated the numbers as I realized the pool area was included in my first calculation. It has been removed in the below numbers. Pavement / Sidewalk = 115,792.53 sf Buildings = 17,426.42 sf Total = 133,218.95 sf Thanks, Alex R. Acree, P.E. Project Engineer - Taylor & White, Inc. 9556 Historic Kings Road S., Suite 102 - Jacksonville, Florida 32257 t: (904) 346-0671 - f: (904) 346-3051 - m: (904) 874-2307 www.TaylorandWhite.com<http://www.taylorandwhite.com/> - Alex.Acree@TaylorandWhite.com<mailto:Alex.Acree@TaylorandWhite.com> From: Doug Maier [mailto:dougmaier@comcast.net] Sent: Friday, April 17, 2015 2:49 PM To: Alex Acree Cc: Rick Wood ; Layton, Douglas Subject: FW: Impervious surface at ABCC Alex, Can you provide breakdown to Doug Layton. Thank you. Doug M. From: Layton, Douglas [mailto:dlayton@coab.us] Sent: Friday, April 17, 2015 2:38 PM To: Doug Maier Cc: Rick Wood ; Williams, Scott; Moore, Kayle Subject: RE: Impervious surface at ABCC Doug, Guess we need to resolve the difference. I think we did include existing tennis courts, but not future. Since I showed you our total first, suggest you send us a breakdown of impervious by area so we can check our results against your table. Maybe we can narrow down the difference to one or two features and then resolve easier. Thanks, Doug From: Doug Maier [mailto:dougmaier@comcast.net] Sent: Friday, April 17, 2015 2:26 PM To: Layton, Douglas Cc: Rick Wood Subject: FW: Impervious surface at ABCC Doug, Please see Alex’s square footage number below, if you have questions please advise. Thank you! Doug From: Alex Acree [mailto:alex.acree@taylorandwhite.com] Sent: Friday, April 17, 2015 1:46 PM To: Doug Maier; Rick Wood Subject: RE: Impervious surface at ABCC Doug, I came up with 143,173sf of impervious area which does not include the tennis courts. Thanks, Alex R. Acree, P.E. Project Engineer - Taylor & White, Inc. 9556 Historic Kings Road S., Suite 102 - Jacksonville, Florida 32257 t: (904) 346-0671 - f: (904) 346-3051 - m: (904) 874-2307 www.TaylorandWhite.com<http://www.taylorandwhite.com/> - Alex.Acree@TaylorandWhite.com<mailto:Alex.Acree@TaylorandWhite.com> From: Doug Maier [mailto:dougmaier@comcast.net] Sent: Tuesday, April 14, 2015 10:57 AM To: Rick Wood Cc: Alex Acree Subject: FW: Impervious surface at ABCC Please see Doug Layton’s correspondence below regarding storm water calculations. Doug From: Layton, Douglas [mailto:dlayton@coab.us] Sent: Tuesday, April 14, 2015 10:47 AM To: Doug Maier Subject: Impervious surface at ABCC Doug, We have hand calculated the impervious surface at the new club building area to be approximately 151,460 SF. As this calculation determines the stormwater utility fee, we would like for your engineers to check this. If you would ask them to do this calculation separately we can compare before we adjust the stormwater fee. Thanks, Doug Douglas E. Layton P.E., PWLF Public Works Director City of Atlantic Beach 1200 Sandpiper Lane Atlantic Beach, FL 32233 dlayton@coab.us<mailto:rcarper@coab.us> PH: (904) 247-5834<tel:%28904%29%20247-5834> Florida has a very broad public records law. Most written communications to City officials regarding City business are public records available to the public and media upon request. Your e-mail communications may be subject to public disclosure. 㰾灳湡猠祴敬✽潦瑮猭穩㩥〱〮瑰昻湯⵴慦業祬∺慔潨慭Ⱒ猢湡⵳敳楲≦㸧䐠畯⁧慍敩⁲㱛猯慰㹮愼栠敲㵦洢楡瑬㩯潤杵慭敩䁲潣捭獡⹴敮≴㰾灳湡猠祴敬✽潦瑮猭穩㩥〱〮瑰昻湯⵴慦業祬∺慔潨慭Ⱒ猢湡⵳敳楲≦㸧慭汩潴携畯浧楡牥捀浯慣瑳渮瑥⼼灳湡㰾愯㰾灳湡猠祴敬✽潦瑮猭穩㩥〱〮瑰昻湯⵴慦業祬∺慔潨慭Ⱒ猢湡⵳敳楲≦㸧⁝戼㹲戼匾湥㩴⼼㹢䘠楲慤ⱹ䄠牰汩ㄠⰷ㈠㄰‵㨲㘲倠㱍牢㰾㹢潔㰺戯‾慌瑹湯‬潄杵慬㱳牢㰾㹢捃㰺戯‾楒正圠潯⁤ 戼㹲戼匾扵敪瑣㰺戯‾坆›浉数癲潩獵猠牵慦散愠⁴䉁䍃漼瀺㰾漯瀺㰾猯慰㹮⼼㹰⼼楤㹶⼼楤㹶瀼挠慬獳䴽潳潎浲污㰾㩯㹰渦獢㭰⼼㩯㹰⼼㹰瀼挠慬獳䴽潳潎浲污㰾灳湡猠祴敬✽潣潬㩲ㄣ㑆㜹❄䐾畯Ⱨ漼瀺㰾漯瀺㰾猯慰㹮⼼㹰瀼挠慬獳䴽潳潎浲污㰾灳湡猠祴敬✽潣潬㩲ㄣ㑆㜹❄㰾㩯㹰渦獢㭰⼼㩯㹰⼼灳湡㰾瀯㰾⁰汣獡㵳獍乯牯慭㹬猼慰瑳汹㵥挧汯牯⌺䘱㤴䐷㸧汐慥敳猠敥䄠敬♸㠣ㄲ㬷⁳煳慵敲映潯慴敧渠浵敢⁲敢潬ⱷ椠⁦潹⁵慨敶焠敵瑳潩獮瀠敬 獡⁥摡楶敳㰮㩯㹰⼼㩯㹰⼼灳湡㰾瀯㰾⁰汣獡㵳獍乯牯慭㹬猼慰瑳汹㵥挧汯牯⌺䘱㤴䐷㸧漼瀺☾扮灳㰻漯瀺㰾猯慰㹮⼼㹰瀼挠慬獳䴽潳潎浲污㰾灳湡猠祴敬✽潣潬㩲ㄣ㑆㜹❄吾慨歮礠畯㰡㩯㹰⼼㩯㹰⼼灳湡㰾瀯㰾⁰汣獡㵳獍乯牯慭㹬猼慰瑳汹㵥挧汯牯⌺䘱㤴䐷㸧漼瀺☾扮灳㰻漯瀺㰾猯慰㹮⼼㹰瀼挠慬獳䴽潳潎浲污㰾灳湡猠祴敬✽潣潬㩲ㄣ㑆㜹❄䐾畯㱧㩯㹰⼼㩯㹰⼼灳湡㰾瀯㰾⁰汣獡㵳獍乯牯慭㹬猼慰瑳汹㵥挧汯牯⌺䘱㤴䐷㸧漼瀺☾扮灳㰻漯瀺 㰾猯慰㹮⼼㹰搼癩㰾楤⁶瑳汹㵥戧牯敤㩲潮敮戻牯敤⵲潴㩰潳楬⁤䈣䌵䐴⁆⸱瀰㭴慰摤湩㩧⸳瀰⁴椰椰椰❮㰾⁰汣獡㵳獍乯牯慭㹬戼㰾灳湡猠祴敬✽潦瑮猭穩㩥〱〮瑰昻湯⵴慦業祬∺慔潨慭Ⱒ猢湡⵳敳楲≦㸧牆浯㰺猯慰㹮⼼㹢猼慰瑳汹㵥昧湯⵴楳敺ㄺ⸰瀰㭴潦瑮昭浡汩㩹吢桡浯≡∬慳獮猭牥晩✢‾汁硥䄠牣敥嬠⼼灳湡㰾⁡牨晥∽慭汩潴愺敬⹸捡敲䁥慴汹牯湡睤楨整挮浯㸢猼慰瑳汹㵥昧湯⵴楳敺ㄺ⸰瀰㭴潦瑮昭浡汩㩹吢桡浯≡∬慳獮猭牥晩✢ 派楡瑬㩯污硥愮牣敥瑀祡潬慲摮桷瑩⹥潣㱭猯慰㹮⼼㹡猼慰瑳汹㵥昧湯⵴楳敺ㄺ⸰瀰㭴潦瑮昭浡汩㩹吢桡浯≡∬慳獮猭牥晩✢崾㰠牢㰾㹢敓瑮㰺戯‾牆摩祡‬灁楲㜱‬〲㔱ㄠ㐺‶䵐戼㹲戼吾㩯⼼㹢䐠畯⁧慍敩㭲删捩潗摯戼㹲戼匾扵敪瑣㰺戯‾䕒›浉数癲潩獵猠牵慦散愠⁴䉁䍃漼瀺㰾漯瀺㰾猯慰㹮⼼㹰⼼楤㹶⼼楤㹶瀼挠慬獳䴽潳潎浲污㰾㩯㹰渦獢㭰⼼㩯㹰⼼㹰瀼挠慬獳䴽潳潎浲污㰾灳湡猠祴敬✽潣潬㩲ㄣ㑆㜹❄䐾畯Ⱨ㰠㩯㹰⼼㩯㹰⼼灳湡㰾瀯㰾 ⁰汣獡㵳獍乯牯慭㹬猼慰瑳汹㵥挧汯牯⌺䘱㤴䐷㸧漼瀺☾扮灳㰻漯瀺㰾猯慰㹮⼼㹰瀼挠慬獳䴽潳潎浲污㰾灳湡猠祴敬✽潣潬㩲ㄣ㑆㜹❄䤾挠浡⁥灵眠瑩⁨㐱ⰳ㜱猳⁦景椠灭牥楶畯⁳牡慥眠楨档搠敯⁳潮⁴湩汣摵⁥桴⁥整湮獩挠畯瑲⹳漼瀺㰾漯瀺㰾猯慰㹮⼼㹰瀼挠慬獳䴽潳潎浲污㰾灳湡猠祴敬✽潣潬㩲ㄣ㑆㜹❄㰾㩯㹰渦獢㭰⼼㩯㹰⼼灳湡㰾瀯㰾⁰汣獡㵳獍乯牯慭㹬猼慰瑳汹㵥挧汯牯⌺䘱㤴䐷㸧桔湡獫‬漼瀺㰾漯瀺㰾猯慰㹮⼼㹰瀼挠慬獳䴽潳潎浲污 㰾灳湡猠祴敬✽潣潬㩲ㄣ㑆㜹❄㰾㩯㹰渦獢㭰⼼㩯㹰⼼灳湡㰾瀯㰾楤㹶瀼挠慬獳䴽潳潎浲污㰾㹢甼㰾灳湡猠祴敬✽潣潬㩲〣㜰䌰✰䄾敬⁸⹒䄠牣敥‬⹐⹅⼼灳湡㰾甯㰾戯㰾㹢甼㰾灳湡猠祴敬✽潦瑮昭浡汩㩹䄢楲污Ⱒ猢湡⵳敳楲≦挻汯牯⌺〰〷ぃ㸧漼瀺㰾漯瀺㰾猯慰㹮⼼㹵⼼㹢⼼㹰瀼挠慬獳䴽潳潎浲污㰾㹢甼㰾灳湡猠祴敬✽潦瑮猭穩㩥⸹瀰㭴潣潬㩲〣㜰䌰✰倾潲敪瑣䔠杮湩敥♲扮灳※☭扮灳※慔汹牯☠浡㭰圠楨整‬湉⹣漼瀺㰾漯瀺㰾猯慰㹮⼼㹵⼼㹢⼼ 㹰瀼挠慬獳䴽潳潎浲污㰾㹢猼慰瑳汹㵥昧湯⵴楳敺㤺〮瑰挻汯牯⌺〰〷ぃ㸧㔹㘵䠠獩潴楲⁣楋杮⁳潒摡匠Ⱞ匠極整ㄠ㈰ⴠ䨠捡獫湯楶汬ⱥ䘠潬楲慤㌠㈲㜵漼瀺㰾漯瀺㰾猯慰㹮⼼㹢⼼㹰瀼挠慬獳䴽潳潎浲污㰾㹢猼慰瑳汹㵥昧湯⵴楳敺㤺〮瑰挻汯牯⌺〰〷ぃ㸧㩴⠠〹⤴㌠㘴〭㜶☱扮灳※☭扮灳※㩦⠠〹⤴㌠㘴㌭㔰☱扮灳※☭扮灳※㩭⠠〹⤴㠠㐷㈭〳㰷㩯㹰⼼㩯㹰⼼灳湡㰾戯㰾瀯㰾⁰汣獡㵳獍乯牯慭㹬愼栠敲㵦栢瑴㩰⼯睷⹷慴汹牯湡睤楨整挮浯∯㰾㹢 猼慰瑳汹㵥昧湯⵴楳敺㤺〮瑰㸧睷⹷慔汹牯湡坤楨整挮浯⼼灳湡㰾戯㰾愯㰾㹢猼慰瑳汹㵥昧湯⵴楳敺㤺〮瑰挻汯牯⌺〰〷ぃ㸧渦獢㭰ⴠ渦獢㭰㰠猯慰㹮⼼㹢愼栠敲㵦洢楡瑬㩯汁硥䄮牣敥呀祡潬慲摮桗瑩⹥潣≭㰾㹢猼慰瑳汹㵥昧湯⵴楳敺㤺〮瑰㸧汁硥䄮牣敥呀祡潬慲摮桗瑩⹥潣㱭猯慰㹮⼼㹢⼼㹡戼㰾灳湡猠祴敬✽潦瑮猭穩㩥⸹瀰㭴潣潬㩲〣㜰䌰✰㰾㩯㹰⼼㩯㹰⼼灳湡㰾戯㰾瀯㰾搯癩㰾⁰汣獡㵳獍乯牯慭㹬猼慰瑳汹㵥挧汯牯⌺䘱㤴䐷㸧漼瀺☾扮 灳㰻漯瀺㰾猯慰㹮⼼㹰搼癩㰾楤⁶瑳汹㵥戧牯敤㩲潮敮戻牯敤⵲潴㩰潳楬⁤䈣䌵䐴⁆⸱瀰㭴慰摤湩㩧⸳瀰⁴椰椰椰❮㰾⁰汣獡㵳獍乯牯慭㹬戼㰾灳湡猠祴敬✽潦瑮猭穩㩥〱〮瑰昻湯⵴慦業祬∺慔潨慭Ⱒ猢湡⵳敳楲≦㸧牆浯㰺猯慰㹮⼼㹢猼慰瑳汹㵥昧湯⵴楳敺ㄺ⸰瀰㭴潦瑮昭浡汩㩹吢桡浯≡∬慳獮猭牥晩✢‾潄杵䴠楡牥嬠⼼灳湡㰾⁡牨晥∽慭汩潴携畯浧楡牥捀浯慣瑳渮瑥㸢猼慰瑳汹㵥昧湯⵴楳敺ㄺ⸰瀰㭴潦瑮昭浡汩㩹吢桡浯≡∬慳獮猭牥晩✢ 派楡瑬㩯潤杵慭敩䁲潣捭獡⹴敮㱴猯慰㹮⼼㹡猼慰瑳汹㵥昧湯⵴楳敺ㄺ⸰瀰㭴潦瑮昭浡汩㩹吢桡浯≡∬慳獮猭牥晩✢崾㰠牢㰾㹢敓瑮㰺戯‾畔獥慤ⱹ䄠牰汩ㄠⰴ㈠㄰‵〱㔺‷䵁戼㹲戼吾㩯⼼㹢删捩潗摯戼㹲戼䌾㩣⼼㹢䄠敬⁸捁敲㱥牢㰾㹢畓橢捥㩴⼼㹢䘠㩗䤠灭牥楶畯⁳畳晲捡⁥瑡䄠䍂㱃㩯㹰⼼㩯㹰⼼灳湡㰾瀯㰾搯癩㰾搯癩㰾⁰汣獡㵳獍乯牯慭㹬漼瀺☾扮灳㰻漯瀺㰾瀯㰾⁰汣獡㵳獍乯牯慭㹬猼慰瑳汹㵥挧汯牯⌺䘱㤴䐷㸧汐慥敳猠敥䐠畯⁧慌瑹湯 ⌦㈸㜱猻挠牯敲灳湯敤据⁥敢潬⁷敲慧摲湩⁧瑳牯慷整⁲慣捬汵瑡潩獮㰮㩯㹰⼼㩯㹰⼼灳湡㰾瀯㰾⁰汣獡㵳獍乯牯慭㹬猼慰瑳汹㵥挧汯牯⌺䘱㤴䐷㸧漼瀺☾扮灳㰻漯瀺㰾猯慰㹮⼼㹰瀼挠慬獳䴽潳潎浲污㰾灳湡猠祴敬✽潣潬㩲ㄣ㑆㜹❄䐾畯㱧㩯㹰⼼㩯㹰⼼灳湡㰾瀯㰾⁰汣獡㵳獍乯牯慭㹬猼慰瑳汹㵥挧汯牯⌺䘱㤴䐷㸧漼瀺☾扮灳㰻漯瀺㰾猯慰㹮⼼㹰搼癩㰾楤⁶瑳汹㵥戧牯敤㩲潮敮戻牯敤⵲潴㩰潳楬⁤䈣䌵䐴⁆⸱瀰㭴慰摤湩㩧⸳瀰⁴椰椰椰❮㰾 ⁰汣獡㵳獍乯牯慭㹬戼㰾灳湡猠祴敬✽潦瑮猭穩㩥〱〮瑰昻湯⵴慦業祬∺慔潨慭Ⱒ猢湡⵳敳楲≦㸧牆浯㰺猯慰㹮⼼㹢猼慰瑳汹㵥昧湯⵴楳敺ㄺ⸰瀰㭴潦瑮昭浡汩㩹吢桡浯≡∬慳獮猭牥晩✢‾慌瑹湯‬潄杵慬⁳㱛猯慰㹮愼栠敲㵦洢楡瑬㩯汤祡潴䁮潣扡甮≳㰾灳湡猠祴敬✽潦瑮猭穩㩥〱〮瑰昻湯⵴慦業祬∺慔潨慭Ⱒ猢湡⵳敳楲≦㸧慭汩潴携慬瑹湯捀慯⹢獵⼼灳湡㰾愯㰾灳湡猠祴敬✽潦瑮猭穩㩥〱〮瑰昻湯⵴慦業祬∺慔潨慭Ⱒ猢湡⵳敳楲≦㸧⁝戼㹲戼匾 湥㩴⼼㹢吠敵摳祡‬灁楲㐱‬〲㔱ㄠ㨰㜴䄠㱍牢㰾㹢潔㰺戯‾潄杵䴠楡牥戼㹲戼匾扵敪瑣㰺戯‾浉数癲潩獵猠牵慦散愠⁴䉁䍃漼瀺㰾漯瀺㰾猯慰㹮⼼㹰⼼楤㹶⼼楤㹶瀼挠慬獳䴽潳潎浲污㰾㩯㹰渦獢㭰⼼㩯㹰⼼㹰瀼挠慬獳䴽潳潎浲污䐾畯Ⱨ漼瀺㰾漯瀺㰾瀯㰾⁰汣獡㵳獍乯牯慭㹬渦獢㭰圠⁥慨敶栠湡⁤慣捬汵瑡摥琠敨椠灭牥楶畯⁳畳晲捡⁥瑡琠敨渠睥挠畬⁢畢汩楤杮愠敲⁡潴戠⁥灡牰硯浩瑡汥⁹㔱ⰱ㘴‰䙓☮扮灳※獁琠楨⁳慣捬汵瑡潩敤整浲湩獥琠 敨猠潴浲慷整⁲瑵汩瑩⁹敦ⱥ眠⁥潷汵⁤楬敫映牯礠畯⁲湥楧敮牥⁳潴挠敨正琠楨⹳渦獢㭰䤠⁦潹⁵潷汵⁤獡桴浥琠潤琠楨⁳慣捬汵瑡潩敳慰慲整祬眠⁥慣潣灭牡⁥敢潦敲眠⁥摡番瑳琠敨猠潴浲慷整⁲敦⹥漼瀺㰾漯瀺㰾瀯㰾⁰汣獡㵳獍乯牯慭㹬漼瀺☾扮灳㰻漯瀺㰾瀯㰾⁰汣獡㵳獍乯牯慭㹬桔湡獫㰬㩯㹰⼼㩯㹰⼼㹰瀼挠慬獳䴽潳潎浲污☾扮灳※潄杵漼瀺㰾漯瀺㰾瀯㰾⁰汣獡㵳獍乯牯慭㹬漼瀺☾扮灳㰻漯瀺㰾瀯㰾⁰汣獡㵳獍乯牯慭瑳汹㵥琧硥 ⵴畡潴灳捡㩥潮敮㸧猼慰瑳汹㵥挧汯牯⌺㘳䘵ㄹ㸧潄杵慬⁳⹅䰠祡潴⹐⹅‬坐䙌⼼灳湡㰾㩯㹰⼼㩯㹰⼼㹰瀼挠慬獳䴽潳潎浲污猠祴敬✽整瑸愭瑵獯慰散渺湯❥㰾灳湡猠祴敬✽潣潬㩲㌣㔶㥆✱倾扵楬⁣潗歲⁳楄敲瑣牯漼瀺㰾漯瀺㰾猯慰㹮⼼㹰瀼挠慬獳䴽潳潎浲污猠祴敬✽整瑸愭瑵獯慰散渺湯❥㰾灳湡猠祴敬✽潣潬㩲㌣㔶㥆✱䌾瑩⁹景䄠汴湡楴⁣敂捡㱨猯慰㹮漼瀺㰾漯瀺㰾瀯㰾⁰汣獡㵳獍乯牯慭瑳汹㵥琧硥⵴畡潴灳捡㩥潮敮㸧猼慰瑳汹㵥昧湯⵴ 楳敺ㄺ⸰瀰㭴潣潬㩲㌣㔶㥆✱ㄾ〲‰慓摮楰数⁲慌敮⼼灳湡㰾㩯㹰⼼㩯㹰⼼㹰瀼挠慬獳䴽潳潎浲污㰾灳湡猠祴敬✽潦瑮猭穩㩥〱〮瑰挻汯牯⌺㘳䘵ㄹ㸧瑁慬瑮捩䈠慥档‬䱆㌠㈲㌳渦獢㭰渦獢㭰渦獢㭰㰠猯慰㹮漼瀺㰾漯瀺㰾瀯㰾⁰汣獡㵳獍乯牯慭瑳汹㵥琧硥⵴畡潴灳捡㩥潮敮㸧愼栠敲㵦洢楡瑬㩯捲牡数䁲潣扡甮≳琠牡敧㵴弢汢湡≫㰾灳湡猠祴敬✽潦瑮猭穩㩥〱〮瑰㸧汤祡潴䁮潣扡甮㱳猯慰㹮⼼㹡漼瀺㰾漯瀺㰾瀯㰾⁰汣獡㵳獍乯牯慭瑳汹㵥琧硥⵴畡 潴灳捡㩥潮敮㸧猼慰瑳汹㵥昧湯⵴楳敺ㄺ⸰瀰㭴潣潬㩲㌣㔶㥆✱倾㩈㰠猯慰㹮愼栠敲㵦琢汥┺㠲〹┴㤲㈥㈰㜴㔭㌸∴琠牡敧㵴弢汢湡≫㰾灳湡猠祴敬✽潦瑮猭穩㩥〱〮瑰㸧㤨㐰 㐲ⴷ㠵㐳⼼灳湡㰾愯㰾灳湡猠祴敬✽潦瑮猭穩㩥〱〮瑰挻汯牯⌺㘳䘵ㄹ㸧漼瀺㰾漯瀺㰾猯慰㹮⼼㹰瀼挠慬獳䴽潳潎浲污猠祴敬✽整瑸愭瑵獯慰散渺湯❥㰾灳湡猠祴敬✽潦瑮猭穩㩥〱〮瑰挻汯牯⌺㘳䘵ㄹ㸧漼瀺☾扮灳㰻漯瀺㰾猯慰㹮⼼㹰瀼挠慬獳䴽潳潎浲污猠祴敬✽整瑸愭瑵獯慰散渺湯❥㰾灳湡猠祴敬✽潦瑮猭穩㩥⸹瀰㭴潦瑮昭浡汩㩹吢浩獥丠睥删浯湡Ⱒ猢牥晩㬢潣潬㩲ㄣ㑆㜹❄䘾潬楲慤栠獡愠瘠牥⁹牢慯⁤異汢捩爠捥牯獤氠睡☮扮灳※潍瑳眠楲瑴湥 挠浯畭楮慣楴湯⁳潴䌠瑩⁹景楦楣污⁳敲慧摲湩⁧楃祴戠獵湩獥⁳牡⁥異汢捩爠捥牯獤漼瀺㰾漯瀺㰾猯慰㹮⼼㹰瀼挠慬獳䴽潳潎浲污猠祴敬✽整瑸愭瑵獯慰散渺湯❥㰾灳湡猠祴敬✽潦瑮猭穩㩥⸹瀰㭴潦瑮昭浡汩㩹吢浩獥丠睥删浯湡Ⱒ猢牥晩㬢潣潬㩲ㄣ㑆㜹❄愾慶汩扡敬琠桴⁥異汢捩愠摮洠摥慩甠潰敲畱獥⹴渦獢㭰夠畯⁲ⵥ慭汩挠浯畭楮慣楴湯⁳慭⁹敢猠扵敪瑣琠異汢捩搠獩汣獯牵⹥⼼灳湡㰾灳湡猠祴敬✽潦瑮猭穩㩥⸹瀰❴㰾㩯㹰⼼㩯㹰⼼灳湡 㰾瀯㰾⁰汣獡㵳獍乯牯慭㹬漼瀺☾扮灳㰻漯瀺㰾瀯㰾搯癩㰾戯摯㹹⼼瑨汭>