DRSC Final Report AGENDA ITEM#SA
JULY 9,2007
District Representation Study Committee
Report
June 27, 2007
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page(s)
RECOMMENDATION 1
THE PROCESS 1 - 2
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 - 5
RECOMMENDED IMPLEMENTATION STEPS 6
BACKGROUND INFORMATION 7 - 13
APPENDIX A 14
APPENDIX B 15 - 16
APPENDIX C 17
LIST OF RESOURCES & REFERENCES 18 - 20
NOTE: THE APPENDICES LISTED ON PAGE 19 AND 20 CAN BE OBTAINED
IN THE CITY CLERK'S OFFICE.
AGENDA ITEM#SA
JULY 9,2007
Recommendation from the District Representation Committee
It is recommended by the District Representation Committee that the Charter of the City
of Atlantic Beach be amended to require each commission member to live in the
district/precinct from which he or she runs. It is further recommended that the candidates
be voted on citywide. To implement this proposal, four districts should be created using
the existing precinct lines as a departure point. The districts should be equal in population
and to the degree possible should maintain the integrity of neighborhoods and
communities of interest.
If the City Commission approves this recommendation,the education of the public prior
to the referendum will be critical to the adoption of the proposal.
The Process
The District Representation Study Committee was established by City Resolution 06-14
on November 13, 2006. A committee of fifteen persons representing the various
geographic areas of Atlantic Beach was appointed by the Mayor and the Commission
members. The Committee met nine times beginning on December 13, 2006 and ending
on June 27, 2007. Sub-committees on Atlantic Beach demography, the literature on the
structure of city councils, and drafting the report also met. In order to gain the
information necessary to make a recommendation, the Committee heard from Atlantic
Beach administrators as well as experts from elsewhere,held three community meetings
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AGENDA ITEM#5A
JULY 9,2007
in different areas in Atlantic Beach and reviewed census data, the literature relating to
city council elections, and other materials. In excess of 200 total man hours were spent by
the committee members in research and discussion. After careful consideration of the
alternatives, the committee reached its recommendation.
Executive Summary
• Residence of Commission Members: City Commission members are currently
elected at-large. Data from several past elections show that commission members
have consistently and over time come from a concentrated section of one part of
the City, near the beach and the"old part" of the City. This has led some citizens
to believe that the elected officials are not fully aware of citizen concerns in all
parts of the City. (See Appendix"Map of City of Atlantic Beach Elected Officials
since 1993".)
•. Demographic Differences in the Community: Data compiled by the Northeast
Regional Planning Council reveals that the precincts in Atlantic Beach differ in
racial, economic, age, and income characteristics. Precinct 13S has the greatest
percentage of minorities (25 per cent African American and 20 per cent other—
Asian, Hispanic, and other.) Following in order of increasing diversity are
precincts 13 H, 13F, and 13G. (See Appendix "City of Atlantic Beach Population
Note: Characteristics by Election District".)
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AGENDA ITEM 15A
JULY 9,2007
• In this report when the western part of the City is referred to, the area west is not
limited to the area west of Mayport Road. Although there is no precise line
defining the western part of the City, it is an area in which there appear to be
demographic and attitudinal differences from the older and more "eastern"part of
the City.
• Physical Barriers: One of the Committee's speakers, Joe Yarborough, City
Manager of South Daytona Beach, and some of the literature on systems of
elections suggest that a district format is appropriate in cities in which a physical
barrier separates parts of the municipality. In Atlantic Beach, Mayport Road is
seen as a significant barrier due to its width,high speeds, and heavy traffic.
• Public Safety: There are areas of the City with unique safety issues and
members/residents of those areas do not feel the issues are being addressed
proactively.
• Perceptions of Members of the Community: Some residents of the City expressed
the perception that current and past Commissioners are not aware of their needs
and provide better facilities or greater resources for projects closer to the part of
the City in which the Commissioners live. The quality of landscaping between
Jordan Park and Russell Park was cited as an example.
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AGENDA ITEM#5A
JULY 9,2007
• Level of Participation: Election data show that voter turnout is much lower in the
"Western" 13S precinct than in the other three precincts. The turnout is
particularly low for Atlantic Beach elections. This may indicate a feeling of
disenfranchisement by citizens in the western half of the City. Feeling neglected
by the City Commission, they may have withdrawn from the election process.
(See Appendix: Chart of Turnout and Election Results —Atlantic Beach
Elections, 1999-2005).
• Sense of Community: Resident comments described one of Atlantic Beach's core
strengths as its sense of community. Some felt that this sense of community is
lacking in areas away from the beach and"Old Atlantic Beach". It was suggested
by some that a district Commissioner,being more aware and responsive to the
needs of that district's residents, would be better able to instill a sense of
community by connecting the constituents to civic affairs than would be an at-
large elected commissioner.
• Jerry Holland, the Supervisor of Elections for Duval County, informed the
committee that the City of Atlantic Beach did not have to maintain the current
precinct lines,but could draw the precinct boundaries any way the City wished as
long as the requirements of the law on equal population are followed. He stated
that the Elections Office has an extensive GIS system which can give a
breakdown by voters and that his office could facilitate whatever Atlantic Beach
wants to do.
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AGENDA ITEM#5A
JULY 9,2007
• Election at-large combined/with a residence requirement for Commission
members was viewed by the committee as providing Commission members who
would be more aware of and responsive to the needs of their districts, while still
maintaining an awareness of the citywide needs and avoiding the parochialism
that is sometimes attributed to single-member district systems.
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AGENDA ITEM#5A
JULY 9,2007
Recommended Implementation Steps
District Representation Committee Recommendation
If the City Commission adopts the recommendation of the District Representation
Committee to modify the current system of electing City Commissioners, the Committee
suggests the following implementation steps.
1. Draft an amendment to the Atlantic Beach Charter embodying the recommended
changes.
2. Develop a program to educate the public regarding the change prior to the 2007
election.
3. Draw four districts of approximately equal population using the current precinct
lines as a departure point while being sensitive to maintaining neighborhoods and
communities of interest in so far as possible. To be implemented by City of
Atlantic Beach officials and the Jacksonville.Supervisor of Elections Office.
4. Phase in the change in the electoral system beginning with the 2009 election. The
two seats whose incumbents' terms end in 2009 would shift from being numbered
seats to district seats; in 2011 the remaining two seats would become district
seats.
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AGENDA ITEM#3A
JULY 9,2007
Background Information
The information provided to the Committee by the Police Chief, the Parks and Recreation
Director, and the Public Works Director indicated that there was no inequity in the
distribution of services to the different sections of Atlantic Beach but that services are
provided on the basis of need. In discussion it was suggested that those west of Mayport
Road in particular may be less likely to call City Hall regarding problems in their
neighborhoods.
The committee did not find discrimination in the distribution of services nor was this a
charge made in the public meetings held by the committee. However,there were
comments from those in the western part of the City that they perceived a difference in
concern and treatment as compared to those residents in the eastern part of the City.
In reviewing demographic data the committee found that there were differences in
income, age, and minority percentage of the population between the western part of the
City and the more eastern part of the City even though there is no precise line dividing
eastern and western sections. (See Appendix on"City of Atlantic Beach: Population
Characteristics by Election District".)
Precinct 13S, which includes the area west of Mayport Road, has a much lower
percentage of voters (approximately 10 per cent) voting in Atlantic Beach elections than
in presidential and gubernatorial elections. The percentage of those voting in Precinct
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AGENDA ITEM#5A
JULY 9,2007
13S is lower overall than in the other precincts. (See Appendix "Chart of Turnout and
Election Results—Atlantic Beach Precincts, 1999 —2005".)
There are three principal methods used to elect members of city councils and
commissions: by single member district, at-large, or some mix of at-large and district
(Footnote 1). There are several hybrid possibilities; for example, some commissioners
elected at-large and some by district or an at-large election with the requirement the
candidates must live in the district from which they run. Of the three methods of electing
council/commission members, the at-large is the most used in Florida and nationally.
According to a Florida League of Cities survey (2005, 400 responses out of 408) at-large
elections are used by 337 (84.3%) cities; single member districts by 43 (10.7%); and a
mixed system by 20 (5.0 %). Nationally the figures for cities under 25,000 are: at-large
2141 (61.3%); district 407 (11.6%); and mixed 948 (27.1%). (1993 Municipal Yearbook)
Historically, the district method of election was the usual form of election used in the 19th
Century. In the early.20th Century, at-large elections were introduced in many cities as a
part of the Progressive reform movement. The at-large elections were designed to reduce
corruption and the influence of party bosses in city government. The assumption was that
those elected at-large would be more likely to consider the interests of the community as
a whole as opposed to the interests of particular neighborhoods or groups. In the 1970s
and 1980s a return to a district system of electing council members occurred in some
communities driven in part by the issue of the discriminatory impact of at-large elections
and the dilution of minority votes in an at-large system. More recently, the trend appears
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AGENDA ITEM#5A
JULY 9,2007
to be to the mixed election system. The reasons cited for the increased popularity of the
mixed system are increasing minority representation and influence while combining some
of the advantages of both the district and at-large systems. (MacManus, 1985)
The advantages cited in the literature and by our speakers for district elections include:
• Giving all legitimate groups, especially those with a geographic base, a better
chance of being represented on the council. (National League of Cities and Heilig
and Mundt)
• One set of researchers found that although there were no dramatic shifts in the
overall distribution of goods and services when district elections were adopted,
the new systems of representation did appear to be important factors in decisions
concerning the geographic location of new city facilities. (Heilig and Mundt)
•
• Council members elected by district are likely to be more sensitive to the small
but frequently important problems people have (i.e., stop signs, trash pick up).
(National League of Cities). One study found that although the effect was modest,
those elected from districts were consistently more service oriented than those
elected at-large. (Welch and Bledsoe)
• District elections may reduce voter alienation by bringing city government closer
to the people. (National League of Cities)
• Since it is less expensive to run in a district, a wider range of candidates may be
encouraged to seek office. However, one study found only a marginal increase in
lower status candidacies. (Heilig and Mundt)
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AGENDA ITEM 4 5A
JULY 9,2007
The disadvantages attributed to district elections include:
• Councils elected by district may have more conflict. The fact that in district
systems each member represents a distinct geographic unit encourages a kind of
natural opposition of interests that is less distinct in at-large systems. (Welch and
Bledsoe.
• Councils elected by district may be less efficient because of district specific
versus a broader constituency perspective. (National League of Cities). Lynn
Tipton, Florida League of Cities, cited a study by an Askew senior fellow that
found a real loss of statesmanship after the Florida legislature shifted to single
member districts.
• One 1997 study found district elections encouraged higher spending and
consequently also higher debt and taxes. The assumption was that with district
representation a coalition can be put together to meet the demands of the
coalition. (L. Southwick, Jr.)
• One study found that public employee groups wielded more influence over
municipal decision makers in systems in which the council members are chosen
by district. They found that it was less expensive for groups to affect the outcome
of city elections in a district system. (Mehay and Gonzalez). This same concern
was voiced to the District Representation Committee by one of the speakers, Joe
Yarborough, City Manager of South Daytona Beach.
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AGENDA ITEM#5A
JULY 9,2007
The At-Large System of Election
Advantages: •%
• Members elected at-large can be more impartial, rise above the limited
perspective of the district and concern themselves with the problems of the entire
community. (National League of Cities). Several studies found that councils
elected at-large were more concerned with the impartial and professional conduct
of city business and with the welfare of the city as a whole. (Banfield and Wilson;
Lineberry and Fowler)
• Vote trading and log rolling are minimized. (National League of Cities).
• Better qualified individuals are more likely to be elected to the council because
there is a broader base of candidates. (National League of Cities)
Disadvantages
• At-large elections may weaken the representation of particular groups if the
groups do not have a citywide base of operation or are concentrated in specific
areas. (National League of Cities). One study found that black representation
levels on city councils with at-large elections were strikingly low. (Richard
Walawender)
• Citizens may feel isolated and disconnected from city government without a
geographic basis of representation. (Model City Charter)
A Hybrid or Modified At-Large System in which council members are elected at-large,
but the city is divided into districts and a councilman must reside in a particular district.
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AGENDA ITEM#5A
JULY 9,2007
• This system is designed to ensure that not all commissioners come from one area.
• The system may help ensure an equitable distribution of services among districts.
• The system is designed to increase participation at the polls and at council
meetings by all citizens as compared to the at-large system.
• The system is designed to avoid the conflict and parochialism that might come
with district elections.
The National League of Cities as well as some students of local government structure
point out that there is no one best form of government; it depends on the values and
characteristics of the city. Based on its study of Atlantic Beach and the comments of
residents of the City, the District Representation Committee concluded that at this time in
the City's history the best system of election for Commissioners is one in which the four
members of the commission are required to live in the district from which they run but
are voted on citywide. This should result in Commission members who are aware of and
responsive to the needs of their particular districts,but also have a citywide perspective.
Footnote 1:
A district system of election for city commissioners/councilmen is one in which the
political unit is divided into districts and candidates run from a specific district and are
elected by residents of that district. In most systems the candidates are required to live in
the district from which they run. In an at-large system the candidates are elected by the
voters of the community as a whole. In some cases they may run for a specific numbered
seat with the option of deciding for which seat they will run. They will still be voted on
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AGENDA ITEM#5A
JULY 9,2007
citywide. A modification of this 'system is one which a candidate must live in the district
from which he or she runs, but is voted on citywide.
Appendix A: Map of City of Atlantic Beach Elected Officials since 1993.
Appendix B: City of Atlantic Beach Population Characteristics by Election District.
Appendix C: Chart of Turnout and Election Results—Atlantic Beach Elections, 1999-
2005.
Page 13 of 20
APPENDIX A AGENDA ITEM#5A
DRSC REPORT 2007 City off Atlantic Beach JULY 9,2007
Elected OfficivIls since, 1993
Legend
i Elected Official
Atlantic Beach_region
PRECINCT Mike Borno
-•— 0-2234Oeean"Foie—SI Dr. N
13F Theo Mitchelsr C
w W
13G 340 Oceanwalk o o U
Lu 13H uI Q 0 AP
13S m o �' m Suzanne Shaughnessy
i 40 '1Q.8Dceanwalk Dr. S.
' PeulParsons John Meserve
c_∎���5 'AMPaulQ • 2126 each Ave.
N �� ,, 19TH Ee Fletcher
W
E �� 1908 M: rry'Dr. c .i40 mrden Ln
1 I N 7- -q O � v
LSAT if, i
S UR18A c z ? Waters
ili
pt��' �'( 1 i3� nle Rd.
\�ti ppp Don Wolfson
pkLMrl 17TH (2i725 Beach Ave.
v
y CORAL
q
r
>- DUTTON ISLAND V
OM
c DUDLEY ,e.
4 m LEWIS v r
pp ADISE Q AP { ROBERT z 7 w
a AP EDGAR N ,, = Ole* Beaver
AP m 1 3.1$12th St.
MEMORIAL a APDELL A 01-3H- _
LEVY bONNERS cn -a 4lT �_—
IL LLJ �L i 10TH
g z2 En-J cn 044- --- --- o 9TH
a v U O 4 BLyp { v v, I,_.__
a ¢ 052_,> , �' PLAZA m. PLA'7J!s_. Lyra n Fletcher
}-. SST a tZ_ eTH.0 g.04 .t Coast Dr.
Lar= WET lrT� z REdF(N Vf 7TH
a ?1 O 1° ./.1 1° v 73 iNGB �A0 6TH co
<O VZ FORRESTAL N O 5TH n
a 0 Z1 co rC > N R• eft Yei s
2 C7 w o SA m m S r i ole it Simmons
m o 14,6,,,_ CpRivEOGq ---;t /... n y p f ach Ave.
CAVACDi—t i ,O 2N `t e
WAS .RO --- -,r t.-.
WEST 1ST Np ?0 Lt:r..-.., ) I A.HERtd
ATLANTICATLEXIT FLA ------ I 9 t— �. ,
0 0.25 0.5 1 Miles
I 1 1 1 I I j I I
Page 14 of 20
APPENDIX B
DRSC REPORT 2007 AGENDA ITEM#5A
JULY 9,2007
Turnout and Election Results- 1999 to 2005
Atlantic Beach Precincts
Turnout of Registered Voters
Atlantic Beach Presidential
Precinct 1999* 2001 2003 2005* 2004
13 F 32.1 NA NA 42.1 60.7
Ballots cast 617 399 423 642 1217
Reg.Voters (1921) Not avail. Not avail (2045) (2003)
13G 43.0 NA NA 42.71 59.98
Ballots cast 1032 603 734 1074 1481
Reg. (2400) Not avail. Not avail. (2512) (2469)
13H 39.6 NA NA 37.2 5439
Ballots cast 1015 639 700 940 1375
Reg. (2566) Not avail. Not avail. (2525) (2528)
13S 10.1 NA NA 10.97 47.58
Ballots cast 207 123 147 325 1241
Reg. (2053) Not avail. Not avail (2635) (2608)
*The turnout results in 1999 and 2005 are for the mayor's race. Although total registered voter figures
were not available for the 2001 and 2003 elections,if it is assumed that the numbers are close to those in
1999 and 2005,the turnout results are roughly similar with the lowest turnout in Precinct 13S.
Note:The turnout in 13S for the presidential election is much higher than for Atlantic Beach elections. It
was also higher for the state races than the local city elections.In the 2006 elections for U.S.Senator and
Governor the turnout in the respective precincts was: 13F-36.2%; 13G-44.8%; 13H-313%; 13S-
25.8%.
Election Outcomes-Percentages
Precinct 1999 2001 2003 2005 2004
M S M T M T B H W Bush Kerry
13F 61.0 38.9 62.6 363 72.1 27.9 37.8 9.4 52.8 59.1 39.8
13G 51.6 46.3 78.4 21.2 79.6 20.4 41.8 6.3 51.9 66.4 32.7
13H 65.4 32.8 75.3 24.4 78.0 22.0 45.9 8.2 46.8 62.0 35.6
13S 67.1 31.9 52.8 47.2 64.6 35.4 26.8 I8.2 55.1 52.9 46.2
Candidates:M is Meserve;S is Shaughnessy;T is Totter;B is Beaver;H is Harper and W is Wolfson
Page 15 of 20
APPENDIX B AGENDA ITEM#5A
DRSC REPORT 2007 lorida- QT-P32. Income Distribution in 1999 of Households and Fa. JULY y,2007
11.5. Census`:B eau :. W .: ' - a a 5 •,
-, ' American FactFindet' ,
QT-P32. Income Distribution in 1999 of Households and Families: 2000
Data Set: Census 2000 Summary File 3 (SF 3)- Sample Data
Geographic Area: Atlantic Beach city, Florida
NOTE:Data based on a sample except in P3,P4,H3,and H4.For information on confidentiality protection,sampling error,
nonsampling error,definitions,and count corrections see http://factfinder.census.gov/home/en/datanotes/expsf3.htm.
Families
Female
Married-• householder, •
couple no husband Nonfamily,
Subject Households: Total: families resent: households
NUMBER _... .. .... ...... ..._... _ _.
Total 5,593 3,678 2,842. 634 1,915,
l ess than$10,000 293- 112 50 62 138
$10,000 to$14,999.._. 282 130 31 . 95._. ... 184
$15,000 to$19,999 253 170 86 64. 106
$20,000 to$24,999 369 141: 76 49,
.
215,
$25,000 to$29,999 389: 283; 137 110 114
$30,000 to$34,999 318' 1891 99 32, 151;
$35,000 to$39,999 _...:. __...._. 297'.__....... .........._190: 135 ....__ _.... 43 _._....__ 98,
$40,000 to$44,999 371 269: 229. 19 7 94
$45,000 to$49,999 324 200; 150' • 50 118.
$50,000 to$59,999. - - °_._.._.....461 ._... .._. 260 _... 206, 41' 160'
$60,000 to$74,999 512; 331 _ 309 22 164
$75,000 to$99,999 485 391 _ 354 23 94_.
$100,000 to$124,999 - 645. 531' 514• • 9 106•$125,000 to$149,999... .. ..-._.. 204 ._.__. __151 .._. . . . -.667 .... _ 7 ... 60.
5150,000 to 3199,999 151 116 116 0. 28
$200,000 or.mare 239 214 206 8: 25'
Median income(dollars). - 48,353; 53,854 . -. 694600, 26,567' 34,390
Mean income(dollars) 67,961 76,471 86,478 44,164 49,586.
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total 100.0. _ 100.0{ 10.0.0: 100.0 100.0'
Less than$10,000 5.2 ..3.0....... 1.81 9.8 10.3
10,000 to_$14,999 5.0: 3.51 1.1' 15.0' 9.6•
$15,000to$19,999 .. ... 4.5° _ . 4.6: 3.0�... 10.1._. ._. 5.5'
$20,000 to$24,999 6:6 3.8 2.7 7.7- _11.2.
$25,000 to$29,999 7.0' 7.7' 4.8' 17.4: 6.0:
$30,000 to$34,999 5.7 i . . 5.1. 3.5 5.0. 7.9
$35,000 to$394999
$40,000 to$44. ,999
6.6 7.3. 8.1 3.0. 4.9
545,000 to$49,999 5.8 5.4 5.3: 7.9' 6.2:
• $50,000 to-$59,999 8.2 _- _7.1 7.2 6.5 8.4.
$60,000 to$74,999 _ 9.2 9.0 10.9 3.5: 8.6
575,000 to$99,999 8.7 10.6' 12.5 3.6 4.9•
$100,000 to$124,999 11.5. 144. 18.1: 1.4 5.5
$125,000 to$149,999 • 3.6 4.1 5.1 1.1 3.1
' $150,000 to$199,999 2.7 3.2 4.1. 0.0: 1.5
$200,000 or more 4_•3 5.8 7.2 1.3 1.3
(X)Not applicable. „„N
Source:U.S.Census Bureau,Census 2000 Summary File 3,Matrices P52,P53,P54,P79,P60,P81,PCT38,PCT40,and
PCT41.
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APPENDIX C AGENDA ITEM#5A
DRSC REPORT 2007 JULY 9,2007
•
City of Atlantic Beach
Population Characteristics by Election District
The Northeast Florida Regional Planning Council (NEFRPC) created a series of maps for
the purpose of exploring current City of Atlantic Beach population characteristics in
order that the City Commission might determine if election district lines should be
redrawn. These maps make no claims of accuracy or precision, but are merely for the
visualization of trends that might affect community involvement and/or voter preference/
election outcome.
Demographic Distribution Map:
This map depicts racial and ethnic diversity as derived from the 2000 US Census and
displayed at the census block level, within existing districts. The most racially/ethnically
diverse population is concentrated in the geographical center of the city. It appears that
Precinct 13S has the greatest percentage of minorities, with approximate 25% Blacks and
20% Asians, Hispanic/Latino and Others reporting. Following, in order of decreasing
diversity are Precinct 13H, Precinct 13F, and Precinct 13G which appears to be at least
90%white.
Age Class Distribution Map:
Age Distribution is also derived from the 2000 US Census and displayed at the census-
block level. In general, it appears that all age groups are well represented in each district,
with the exceptions of a pocket of"65+' residents in the northern extent of Precinct 13H
and a higher concentration of school-age residents (5-17) in the southeastern corner of
district 13S. Age groups "40-49", "30-39" and"5-17"make up the largest proportion of
e" Precincts 13G and 13F.
Income Map:
Income for residents of Atlantic Beach is derived from the 2000 US Census and depicted
at the census-tract level. Not as precise as the block-level data, this census tracts data
reveals the following trend: Residents of Precinct 13S reported the lowest income levels,
with all falling in the $34,688-$49,250 range. The westernmost one-third of Precinct
13F's population also falls in that same income range, but the easternmost two-thirds
jumps to the $68,512-$101,620 range. It appears that this higher range is also what is
reported by all tracts comprising Precincts 13G and 13H. Thus, as expected, higher
incomes are found closer to the Oceanside,while lower incomes are found further inland.
Population Density Map:
Created using block-level data from the 2000 US Census, the Population Density map
reflects the number of residents per acre. Precincts 13G and 13F appear to have the
greatest density, with most settlement occurring along the Atlantic coast and in the
geographic center of the city. Precinct 13H follows with less density with the exceptions
of pockets of high density in the northernmost extent and in the south-southwestern
corner of the district. Precinct 13S has the lowest number of residents per acre
uninhabitable marshlands in the western half of that district.
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AGENDA ITEM#5A
JULY 9,2007
Resource People
Donna Bussey, Atlantic Beach City Clerk
Rick Carper, City of Atlantic Beach Public Works Director(April 12, 2007)
Bruce Corbitt,retired Jacksonville Beach City Councilman and City Clerk(February 19,
2007
Jim Hanson, Atlantic Beach City Manager
Jerry Holland, Duval County Supervisor of Elections (January 23, 2007)
Timmy Johnson, Director of Parks and Recreation Services (February 8, 2007)
David Thompson, Director, Atlantic Beach Public Safety Director(February 19, 2007)
Lynn Tipton; Director of Membership, Florida League of Cities (January 23, 2007)
Joe Yarborough, City Manager, City of South Daytona Beach (February 19, 2007)
Public Meetings at Adele Grage Center(March 1, 2007), Jordan Park Center(March 23,
2007), and Dutton Center (March 19, 2007)
References
Florida League of Cities Fact Sheet
Heilig, Peggy and Robert J. Mundt, Your-Voice at City Hall(State University of New
York Press, 1984).
Lineberry, Robert and Edmund Fowler, "Reformism and Public Policies in American
Cities,"in American Political Science Review, September 1967.
MacManus, Susan A., "Mixed Election Systems: The Newest Reform Structure," in
Local Government Election Practices, Edited by Roger L. Kemp (McFarland, 1999), pp.
39-47.
MacManus, Susan A. and Charles Bullock, "The Form, Structure and Composition of
America's Municipalities in the New Millennium,"Municipal Yearbook, 2003
(Washington, D. C., International City Management Association, 2003).
National League of Cities,Model Charter: Defining Good Government in a New
Millennium, 8th Edition and Fact Sheets.
Page 18 of 20
AGENDA ITEM#5A
JULY 9,2007
Renner, Tari and DeSantis, Victor, "Contemporary Patterns and Trends in Municipal
Government Structures,"Municipal Yearbook, 1993 (Washington, D.C., International
City Management Association, 1993.)
Southwick, L. Jr., "Local District Spending and At-Large Versus District Representation;
Do Wards Result in More `Pork'?"Economics and Politics, Volume 9, July 1997,
pp.173-203.
Walawender, Richard, "At-Large Elections and Vote Dilution,"in Local Government
Election Practices, Edited by Roger L. Kemp, McFarland, 1999, pp. 103-123.
Welch, Susan, "The Impact of At-Large Elections on the Representation of Blacks and
Hispanics," The Journal of Politics: Vol. 52, November , 1990.
Welch, Susan and Timothy Bledsoe, Urban Reform and Its Consequences, (University of
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Williams, Darrell, "At-Large Versus District Systems," in Local Government Election
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Appendices
Maps
Maps of City Parks,Voting Districts
Map of District Representation Committee Members
Map of City of Atlantic Beach Precincts
Map of City of Atlantic Beach Elected Officials since 1993
Map of Atlantic Beach Subdivisions
Maps of Voting Districts 13G, 13F, 13H and 13S
Map of Voting Districts and Parks
Other Materials: City of Atlantic Beach
Turnout and Election Results, Atlantic Beach Precincts, 1999—2005
Summary of All Expenses, Atlantic Beach City Departments, 2003-2007
Page 19 of 20
AGENDA ITEM#5A
JULY 9,2007
Campaign Contribution Amounts for the Last Four Elections
Historical Capital Expenditures for Projects West of Mayport Road
City of Atlantic Beach Population Characteristics by Election District
City of Atlantic Beach Strategic Plan Quarterly Report, October 2006
Budget Message, Jim Hanson, October 1, 2006
Summary of All Departments Combined Summary of Expenses
City of Atlantic Beach Summary of Expenditures by Division
City of Atlantic Beach Combined Summary of Expenditures and Revenues
City of Atlantic Beach Demographic Profile
Public Works Slide Presentation to Committee, Rick Carper, April 12, 2007
Police Incidents Report Summary
Pavement Management Overview
External Information
Municipal Charter Review Slide Presentation, Lynn Tipton, Florida Municipal League of
Cities _
Florida League of Cities, Survey of Clerks and Council, 2005
Population 15,000 or Less Query(Listing of Form of Government in 21 cities in Florida
in the Population Range of 12,000 to 15,000)
Model City Revision Project Sheet—Eighth Edition, Option Memo, Issue: Hybrid
Elections
Page 20 of 20