Selva Preserve Tree Study Selva Preserve
Tree Survey
by
Chuck Lippi
ISA Board Certified Master Arborist #FLO501 B
ASCA Registered Consulting Arborist #443
Tree Risk Assessment Qualification (TRAQ)
and
Danny Lippi
ISA Certified Arborist FL6145A
Tree Risk Assessment Qualification (TRAQ)
Page 2 of 15 3/6/16
Selva Preserve
Introduction 3
Background 3
Assignment 3
Purpose and Use of the Report 3
Testing and Analysis 3
Data Collection 4
Tree Condition Rating 4
Observations 6
The Trees 6
The Site 7
Other Survey Results 7
Tree Health and Structural Condition 8
Tree Age /Size 11
Conclusions 11
Appendix A 12
Certification of Performance 15
Chuck Lippi, Advanced Tree Care, Inc.
Registered Consulting Arborist #443 Board Certified Master Arborist FL -0501 B
Page 3 of 15 3/6/16
Selva Preserve
Introduction
Background
We were asked by Ryan Carter of Carter Environmental Services, Inc. to perform
a tree condition survey of the approximately 7.21 -acre parcel known as Selva
Preserve. After walking the site and not distinguishing significant variation in the
tree species and sizes from one area of the parcel to another, we all agreed that
a randomized sample tree survey would provide an accurate profile of the tree
species, their sizes and their condition. We received approval to do the sample
survey on February 26, 2016 and we completed the survey in less than one day
on March 3, 2016. I was assisted with the survey by my partner, ISA Certified
Arborist Danny Lippi and Michael Spontak GIS Analyst /Project Scientist from
Carter Environmental Services, Inc.
Assignment
Our assignment was to locate and assess the current condition of trees equal to
or greater than 12 inches DBH located in ten 1/10 -acre sectors randomly
selected within the Selva Preserve but outside designated wetlands. See
Appendix A for the location of the ten 1/10 acre sectors. Broadleaf trees and pine
trees smaller than 12- inches DBH and all sabal palm trees (Sabel palmetto) were
not evaluated. We rarely evaluate sabal palm trees because they are generally
healthy and free of significant structural defects that might make them
hazardous. However, if we observe a diseased or structurally defective palm as
we walk through the area, we will note such palms. None were noted on this
survey.
Purpose and Use of the Report
This report is prepared for Carter Environmental Services, Inc. and their clients to
be used in its entirety.
Assumptions
A field examination of the site was made on March 3, 2016. Our observations
and conclusions are as of that date.
Testing and Analysis
Chuck Lippi, Advanced Tree Care, Inc.
Registered Consulting Arborist #443 Board Certified Master Arborist FL -0501 B
Page 4 of 15 3/6/16
Selva Preserve
We performed a Level 2 Basic Assessment, which is a detailed visual inspection
of a tree and its surrounding site. The Level 2 Assessment includes a 360- degree
visual inspection from ground level on the tree and sound testing of the
accessible portions of the trunk with a rubber mallet to listen for tonal variations
that may indicate dead external tissue or internal hollows. The inspection was
done in accordance with ANSI A300 Standards on Tree Risk Assessment and the
companion publication Best Management Practices, Tree Risk Assessment.
Data Collection
Both empirical data as well as subjective data were gathered on each tree. Data
was collected on HanDBase, a data collection database application used on our
smartphones.
Empirical data included:
1. GPS assigned tree number and location
2. tree species
3. tree diameter (DBH)
The subjective data included:
1. health condition (excellent, good, fair, poor)
2. structural condition (excellent, good, fair, poor)
3. structural problems such as codominant leaders, dead branches, decay/
cavities, health problems such as decay fungi, sparse foliage, declining
4. tree condition rating
Tree Condition Rating
In order to quantify the overall condition of the trees we surveyed, we adapted
the risk rating rating system from the Tree Risk Assessment Procedures by
combing the following attributes:
' American National Standards Institute (ANSI) A300 Risk Assessment Part 9 Tree, Shrub, and
Other Woody Plant Management Standard Practices (Tree Risk Assessment a. Tree Structure
Assessment), 2011.
2 Thomas Smiley, Nelda Matheny and Sharon Lilly, Best Management Practices Tree Risk
Assessment, International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, Illinois, 2011.
3 GPS measurements and data were collected and stored by Carter Environmental Services, Inc.
to be added to our tree condition data
Chuck Lippi, Advanced Tree Care, Inc.
Registered Consulting Arborist #443 Board Certified Master Arborist FL -0501 B
Page 5 of 15 3/6/16
Selva Preserve
1. tree health condition (excellent 4 points, good 3 points, fair 2 points, poor 1
point)
2. structural condition (excellent 4 points, good 3 points, fair 2 points, poor 1
point)
3. species rating (2 points for a desirable tree, and 1 point for a Tess desirable
tree)
4. likelihood of failure (unlikely 4 points, possible 3 points, probable 2 points and
imminent 1 point)
The Condition Assessment rating is a subjective measure of relative condition of
a tree based upon the four factors above. There are 14 possible points indicating
Trees per Sector
BEI
(C, _ D,11
fG 7i
B, 13
- f A, 8
Figure 1 Each sector where trees were surveyed is indicated by a letter A through J followed by the
number of trees located in that sector.
Chuck Lippi, Advanced Tree Care, Inc.
Registered Consulting Arborist #443 Board Certified Master Arborist FL -0501 B
Page 6 of 15 3/6/16
Selva Preserve
Tree Species
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0% I '
0.0% . . dr
`<\2' ti a MP e fir r
e Q a
\a r ago 4a e \0.6-
0 �� ce47
aJ C ` �a ` o ` a 4 , O mo o\` �cc o c
Lr �a �. � Pte � Q r
t o
Figure 2
a tree in the best condition and the lowest possible score is 4 indicating a tree in
poorest condition. See the Overall Condition Rating in Figure 6 on page 10.
Observations
The Trees
We evaluated 64 trees in the 10 random sectors. Sectors were assigned a letter
from A through J. The number of trees per sector varied from two trees to 13
trees (Figure 1). The trees were mostly Florida native species which include
slash pine (Pinus elliottii), sugarberry (Celtis laevigata), red maple (Acer rubrum)
and laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia) and smaller numbers of other species. Sixty
one of the 64 trees were species considered by most arborists to be lesser
species mainly because they are known to have moderate to poor wind
resistance, moderate to poor decay resistance and relatively short average
lifespans. These species are generally the first to populate a once - cleared site
and will eventually succumb to larger, longer -lived species such as Southern
magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora) and Southern live oak (Quercus virginiana) and
the sand live oak (Quercus geminata) unless the area is overgrown with invasive
species such as camphor (Cinnamomum camphora) and Chinaberry (Melia
Chuck Lippi, Advanced Tree Care, Inc.
Registered Consulting Arborist #443 Board Certified Master Arborist FL -0501 B
Page 7 of 15 3/6/16
Selva Preserve
azedarach) which are already found on the site. The distribution of the tree
species found is shown in Figure 2.
The Site
The site is a once cleared successional mesic forest site with intermittent
wetlands. Changes to the water table with the construction of nearby canals
appears to be causing root slippage and wind throw of trees in saturated areas
and possible subsidence and exposure of roots through the decomposition of
organic soil constituents where the water table has been lowered. Native vine
growth of poison ivy, wild grape, smilax and Virginia creeper are also overtopping
and suppressing a significant number of the trees on the site.
Other Survey Results
Tree Health Condition and Structural Condition
50
40
30
20
10
0 •
Good Fair Poor
• Health • Structure
Figure 3
Chuck Lippi, Advanced Tree Care, Inc.
Registered Consulting Arborist #443 Board Certified Master Arborist FL -0501 B
Page 8 of 15 3/6/16
Selva Preserve
Tree Health and Structural Condition
Each tree was also evaluated as to its overall health and structure. It is important
to understand that health and structure are two separate and independent
considerations. A tree can be healthy yet have poor and hazardous structure.
Live (green) trees can fail and sometimes do. Structurally sound trees sometimes
decline and die from poor health. Figure 3 shows both the health condition and
the structural condition of the trees surveyed. Tree health was slightly better than
tree structure but most trees surveyed were ranked as good. No trees were
ranked as excellent in either heath or structure.
Species Desirability
More Desirable _...._ ..___..
i
Species
5%
Less Desirable
Species
95%
Figure 4
Chuck Lippi, Advanced Tree Care, Inc.
Registered Consulting Arborist #443 Board Certified Master Arborist FL -0501 B
Page 9 of 15 3/6/16
Selva Preserve
Species Desirability
Trees were considered less desirable species if they had moderate to poor wind
resistance, moderate to poor decay resistance and a relatively short live span.
Ninety -five percent of the trees surveyed were in the less desirable species
category (Figure 4).
LIKELIHOOD OF FAILURE
probable unlikely
16% 8%
possible
76%
Figure 5
Likelihood of Failure
The likelihood of failure is a methodology used in tree risk assessment as a
guideline:
•Improbable: The tree or branch is not likely to fail during normal weather
conditions and may not fail in many severe weather conditions within the
specified time frame.
4 Julian A. Dunster, Thomas Smiley, Nelda Matheny and Sharon Lilly, 2013,Tree Risk
Assessment Manual, Champaign, Illinois: International Society of Arboriculture, pp 123 -126.
Chuck Lippi, Advanced Tree Care, Inc.
Registered Consulting Arborist #443 Board Certified Master Arborist FL -0501 B
Page 10 of 15 3/6/16
Selva Preserve
OVERALL CONDITION RATING
v,
30
m
Q 15
12
1 3
i A
4 5 0 2
6 8 9 0 0
10 a
11
12 13
14
CONDITION RATING
(LOWER NUMBER MEANS POORER CONDITION)
Figure 6
Tree Sizes Based Upon Trunk Diameter
20
18
16
v 14
�- 12
ar
10
� 8
E
z 6
4
2
0
12 -14 15 -17 18 -20 21 -23 24 -26 27 -29 30 -32 33 -35 36 -
Tree Diameter Range (inches)
Figure 7
Chuck Lippi, Advanced Tree Care, Inc.
Registered Consulting Arborist #443 Board Certified Master Arborist FL -0501 B
Page 11 of 15 3/6/16
Selva Preserve
-Possible: Failure could occur, but it is unlikely during normal weather
conditions within the specified time frame.
-Probable: Failure may be expected under normal weather conditions within
the specified time frame.
-Imminent: Failure has started or is most likely to occur in the near future
even if there is no significant wind or increased load.
Seventy six percent of the trees surveyed had a possible likelihood of failure and
only eight percent were unlikely to fail. See Figure 5.
Tree Age/Size
Examining the tree trunk diameters surveyed indicates the tree population on the
site is relatively young (Figure 7). A majority of the trees surveyed are between
12 inches and 20 inches DBH. And few are over 24 inches DBH. Although tree
trunk diameter will not give us a precise tree age, it is very indicative of the
relative young age of the tree population on the site.
Conclusions
The trees surveyed are young and in relatively good health and structural
condition. However, most of the trees have a short lifespan and are species that
have documented moderate to poor wind resistance and moderate to poor
ability to compartmentalize or resist decay. The site is rather unremarkable with
no notable specimen trees especially live oaks that leave the surveyor in awe
when he or she encounters them because of the live oak's massive size.
5 Dr. Mary Duryea and Eliana Kampf, Wind and Trees: Lessons Learned from Hurricanes,
University of Florida publication FOR 118, September, 2007, 17 pages.
6 Dr. Ed Gilman, Dr. Mary Duryea, Dr. Eliana Kampf, Dr. Traci Jo Partin, Dr. Astrid Delgado, Dr
Carol Lehtola, Assessing Damage and Restoring Trees After a Hurricane, University of
Florida Department of Environmental Horticulture Publication ENH1036, 2006, pp. 10 - 11.
Chuck Lippi, Advanced Tree Care, Inc.
Registered Consulting Arborist #443 Board Certified Master Arborist FL -0501 B
Page 12 of 15 3/6/16
Selva Preserve
Appendix A
k .,......--- - " -r--
t ,
•
WA
I
SIk 1 1L/l t -
r
L : f
ii.• .
Illt
Jllc� ^
a il '9C"
" . •
ii
• „,... :„.., ei ......
r NCH 351 •
. .....,..
a
r m.-. ' _. -f
Legend L _ .
E J Project Area +/- 7.21 ac. . A. ".;,d
r
• Tree Survey Points 9 y 1 4
F Sampling Plots 4. 11-
,'. Ir\Ieri llis ”
0 75 150
i
Feet
I
Sources. ESRI Aenal Photography 1
Information represented on this maps for plannng '
i. " -- osesonlY- ... s
CARTER ENVIRONMENTAL Tree Assessment Plot Location Map
SERVICES, INC.
7NAIdo6iraet Selva Preserve
SL Augustine. EL 32084
904 - 1786
intw carte renv com Project 5.08007 Duval County FL Date: Mar 01 2016 Figure: 1
Chuck Lippi, Advanced Tree Care, Inc.
Registered Consulting Arborist #443 Board Certified Master Arborist FL -0501 B
Page 13 of 15 3/6/16
Selva Preserve
._:. .
n
a2 Ail m . -- 1 - -a51v 44 f .
a3 - .
• 0
a8 ' . * '� . -. '0" =1
O
u x a6 a5
00 a7
a9 - vV .F. 4;. , i[i -
/ ... _ _ til
116 n a- .-
a'4"`q. ;o '— .i c ..
,.` , v
> 862 .v.
. , ,al. 83
O B7, B6 O
0% n 88
8 e
' . - . B12 B10
p
B15 814 -
O 0816 0818
D3 p2 • D1 - CC ' B19 Cl O '-
- . ( C O C40 OD4
ar" +.. r , d.- 0 0 0
s -4jrt' _ C11 0 D6 "
0 C12
0 C13 C16 D13 O D11
O • O E1
00 0 0 E
ES
•
0
a E
Legend 0 E6
! 0 E8
EJ Project Area +/- 7.21 ac. o 0 0
•,.
0
• Tree Survey Points '
Sampling Plots
0 25 50
Feet
Sources ESRI Aerial Photography
Information represented on this map Is for planning
purposes only. .
CARTER ENVIRONMENTAL Tree Assessment Plot Location Map - North n
St.
SERVICES, INC. pV.
St August uStreet Selva Preserve
FL 32084
904 - 540 -1- 540 -f 786 66
www carterenv com Project: 5.08007 Duval County, FL Date: Mar 04 2016 Figure: 1
Chuck Lippi, Advanced Tree Care, Inc.
Registered Consulting Arborist #443 Board Certified Master Arborist FL -0501 B
Page 14 of 15 3/6/16
Selva Preserve
a�W .'.Sw L
r M1
1 J, a I I."
S'L' y j,. -
O p
o o .l .1,
F O F9 -
0
tr _ _ H2 .
1'
.4 O 0 G4 if
0 H6 GS •
44.4 O 8
0 O
t
0 p G11 G G10
. ... . >/ o O 00 o G13 G15
93
O E
I •
, • G'° -13
o 60, O •
\ 0
0 rJ
ID
Ip.. .,plc L
�, ., J1 3dv ?�ic 5
r ® vy v. '
tkolfr 7
YVi . * '�,'... ,
J5 - silrc
Legend J7
O Project Area +/- 7,21 ac. 40 ,_
, � . ,' adtr.
• Tree Survey Points
Sampling Plots '.:. ";1.1/2. 4 ..
vi I.
Feet
.. y .;"
Sources ESRI Aerial Photography * ::._ •.1.. 1377. - : � ::- fre . � �
Information represented on this map is for planning 9 r `t'r 1 .L -
poses only S= S111F . ]�l/[ + y1(� :. SS�(t .
pur
C.∎R FI R I.\\ IRO\MENTAL Tree Assessment Plot Location Map - South
SERVICES, INC.
7Weldo Snee,t Selva Preserve
ugustine, FL 32084
90 A
904-540-1786
.,w carterene Project: 5.08007 Duval County, FL Date: Mar 04 2016 Figure: 1
Chuck Lippi, Advanced Tree Care, Inc.
Registered Consulting Arborist #443 Board Certified Master Arborist FL -0501 B
Page 15 of 15 3/6/16
Selva Preserve
Certification of Performance
I, Chuck Lippi, certify that:
Arborists cannot detect every condition that could possibly lead to the
structural failure of a tree. Trees are living organisms that fail in ways we do
not fully understand. Conditions are often hidden within trees and below
ground. Arborists cannot guarantee that a tree will be healthy, safe or
adequately protected under all circumstances or for a specified period of time.
Likewise, remedial, protective and mitigating treatments and
recommendations cannot be guaranteed.
I have no current or prospective interest in the vegetation or the property that
is the subject of this report and have no personal interest or bias with respect
to the party or parties involved.
• I certify that all the statements made in this report are true, complete and
correct to the best of my knowledge and belief and are made in good faith.
• The analysis, opinions and conclusions stated herein are my own and are
based on current scientific procedures and facts.
• My analysis, opinions and conclusions were developed and this report has
been prepared according to commonly accepted arboricultural practices.
• My compensation is not contingent upon the reporting of a predetermined
conclusion that favors the cause of the client or any other party nor upon the
results of the assessment, the attainment of stipulated results or the
occurrence of any subsequent events.
• There is no warranty or guarantee, expressed or implied, that problems or
deficiencies of the plants or property in question may not arise in the future.
reserve the right to change my reports /opinions on the basis of new or
different evidence.
Loss or alteration of any part of this report invalidates the entire report.
I further certify that I am a member in good standing of the American Society of
Consulting Arborists (ASCA), the International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) and
the Florida Urban Forestry Council and am an ISA Board Certified Master
Arborist FL -0501 B and an ASCA Registered Consulting Arborist #443.
BORI?l
M
ARBORIST /](�/�.r) AMER SOCIFT 4 1 ,
(/(�)�j�. C(INtiI LTING ARROII(TS
ISA
Chuck Lippi, Advanced Tree Care, Inc.
Registered Consulting Arborist #443 Board Certified Master Arborist FL -0501 B
0
o 0 a
N a
a, > c.
m y
L O 00
` Z d (0
ro
0-
2 a, a, - o
0 0 C
O O 7
a Q O
v v N
U V Y
a a, a `1 ro Y
3) an 0 0
N Y - Y = a, i ro w ro w m N
Z 2 a J o
Y
0
3 CU N al CU
V A H t0 A > > A A 2 A
C a a/ ■C C N N C ' C ' C a, al C CU a, C C
C L L 2 `, c > U L a, > O, >> c L `1 > o a, Y,
0 a 0 u a a > V a u w u x u � rn ) c O u io ro
0 0 3 a/ C a, a, C C Ql 0 C a a
(a a 2 2 a a O 0. ra a o yr 0. 2 0- 0 'o a a
,.>_ Q m m Q < U ? m Q > ro ro m m Q -- m Q <
a, ar - 0 - o a, a, = o a, a a, .. a .-t a, - o - o C1) - J , v - 0 CU v
u, c rO 3.. ro o c c ra 0- m o c > a 5 a m a° m 3° c ' > a ra a° c c
O 0 0 0 Z 0 L n CC U< 0 O Z U Q U Q 0- O Z U< 0 O Z Z
Y Y Y Y Y
C C C C C
0 0 0 v a, 0 0 v
H V f- H ( 0 V V V V ru Y V A 1 H V C V V V V
0 0 0 N 0) '- 0 0
v a, a, a, a cis cu a a c v a v a,
c 3 c 3 3 ° o 0 o 0 c CO 0 u c c 0 O 0 0 0 0
. 42 0 o 0 0 2 v a c c 3 3 0 v, c 0 c c
CO U 0 ` ` 0 - m ra O 0 m 0 ` m m ro m
m 0 0 N m m m m E m m U 0 m ---- N m CO m m m
a = o ` , 0 = 0 = 0 v - o - 0 - 0 - 0 0 7 - o - a = 0 = 0 0 a - o - o r.
(0 . O 3° O • 5 a ro a° ra o ro o ra a° -o c rO o\° n o O . m ra a° '5 a ro oo \° ro a° ra a° ro e. 0
,-(° a v 0 E (a ,-'.7., a ra a a, o a o a> o a o 0 - > o ar o f ( 0 E (a a, o rO 0-1 a. 0 a, o CU 0 ut
O v1 CC o .--1 vi rr vi m u Q 0 ,-. 0 .-. O ,-. 0 .-. u 3 0 .. 0 .-1 v1 m rn cc o ,-. u Q 0 .-. o ,-. 0 ,-. 0 .-I O
LL Q
C it
O a, +� .�-I
z O O co O O O O O O o o N up
'O O - 00 00 m .-. .-i .--i Q1 m - LO Oi - Ln O1 - .-. .-. O
C V1 9 -
2i
u Q
a, Y `-
> 0
> , in
7
v v v v v v v v v a v v v v v v v v v a v v 2 4
- 0 LI 'O 70 1-i 'O 'O
9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 d 9 9 9 9
` v a, r a r` ra ra ra 2 c, r o co ro ca O ro ra ra ra r O ra ro ro 0.) v
0- N = 3 - 3 .- N - Ln .- 3 .- 3 - N = N = . = . - N - 3) 3) - 3) .- an .- N . - 3) ._ 3) . - N ._ 3) . - - w
H a, a a a - a ` a, ` a a a al a a a vs a .- , a, a, . a, •.,..- v ` v v v a `
CU -
VI N a a v v N CU a a, a, a, CU a, 0, vs a, CU a, a, 0 a, C U 0 N -
> .--1 'O .- 1 'O .-1 'O . 1 U .--I .-I U .- 1 U r. 'O .- 1 'O .-. 'O .-1 .-. .- 1 10 .--I .-. '. 10 '. c. - 0 . 1 13 c. -0 .� v
0
U u
as - a, a, a, 0, N 4) a, N a, a, a, N a, a, aJ N a, a, 0) 4J a, U lan
tfl O O 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 ro
L a, .- - - - - - - - - - - 9 - - 9 - - - - - m . 0.
7 y 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ° ° o o 2 0 0 0 0 0 G a
Y .- 0. a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a In
J w Cr no M n'1 n 1,, rn M M M rn N N 01 01 N 01 rn rn) rn 01 >'
0. C
a W,
2 J o
-0 -o -o -o -o -a lo
O 0 0 O O 0 O O O O O 0 O O O 0 0 L
L 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O O u
a0 00 a0 en on a on a a m no a to no no 00
V rn l01 N N N rn rn M N - M ,-■ ,-■ nl nl - fn N ro no rn
L U TJ - O - O 'O - O - O - O - O - - o - o U "O 'O
O O ', O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
(0 O O 'ro 'F 'ro O O O O O O O 't 'to O 0 O O O O O
y oa o0 on as m On no an m en 0. o0 no as m an
1 no no N N N M r0 M rn rn M M N N fn .-. rn n'1 rn 01 rn
I
- 0 - ,-. .-. - - ,-. .-. •-■ - - - - .--, C. .-. .-. .-. - .. - -
ra
a,
J
N
0) a, a, a, N a, O, N a, a, a, a, a, v a, a, a, a, a, 0 a,
> > > > > > > > > > > a, > > > > > > > > >
(0 (0 (a (0 (0 (0 (0 (0 ( 0 (0 (a - (0 (0 (0 (a r0 (0 (0 (0 (0
To
00 00 on 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 a_ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
Q1 al V Q1 Q1 CU a, CO al a, a, O a, aJ
cu
cu a, al a, Q, a,
2 Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z CL Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z
= - N l0 n V1 Ln C .--1 00 m M N L0 CO .-. L0 01 n m N CO
Q N ‘-t N - .- r ■-■ c. N e-1 ■-. .-1 ,-. ,-. .--I N .-1 — ■) ,-1 N ,-,
L L L L v L L L L L L ," L L L L L L L L L
N r0 N r0 r0 CC no ra 00 r0 03 ra a, ra (0 r0 r0 r0 r0 r0 r0 00
m V1 N N V1 al V1 VI N ul N N 9 to v1 Lo N N Ln V1 N v1
V a, a, U a, a a a a, a, a, a, 0 a a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a
O. C C C _C (00 0 0 C C c C_ c c 0 c c _ 0 c c c
N CL d d d c d a= a= d d rl Ln E. a_ a d a_ CL d CL 2
it
a, O O N C V1 LO 0o O1
a. ,--I - N no In rn on 01 - - ,-I H r. ,--I N rn \0 co Q1
< < < a < < < a m m m m m m m m m m m m m
•
uo cr
0 0
N N
m al
L on
CO
Cl-
ro
2 0) al al 0) 0) al
c c c c c c
O O O 2 2 2
a a a a al a
v N U w
J al o _ GJ
Y U U U U > 0) U
C o_ a, a a, Q 6 Q v •c a ° a °1
U tA J WI O VI o 0 r 0 0
Y Y— Y — Y — Y— Y 7, Y
C r0 w ra w N w O w (0 al cu (0
a) a) v
✓ v 2 i s v v � a v
v P— p v p v
c v >-0 >. To > ' O v c > a r >.. ro > ro
u u co O rn to p, u N 0 u u m E u E
c c v 2 v v 2 c c v 2 c v V) a,
r>° 0 0 O m ,_ 0 m O 0
m m > 0) >. 0 > ra m CO 0) m 0 0)
- O - O ++ 0 ++ al > CO _O 7 3 a+ al - O 4• al +-• al
CO CO > 0 0 0- > 0 - '5 a ro o 0) c ).9. > a r0 0 5 a > a
O ° 0 U a U a 0 a 0- o ° 0 a 0° (0 a 0 a
Y
C
• al
H O V V V V V V V V V A V V V V V A V
o ( v
O 0) a) al 0) al al v al a) a) a) a) a) a) al v 0)
C L L L L L L L L C L L L L L L . L
U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U
3 U 2 C C C C C C C C C C c C C C C C C
O Q O ra ra ra ra ra co O ra fa f0 fa 2 2 to 2 2 0 ; m m m m m m m CO 0 ` CO CO CO m m 0 ` 00 m m
0 a+ al 'O - 0 - 0 '0 - 0 - 0 U - O U - O 'O 'O 'O U - O - O - O . - 1
'5 a ro * ro* ra 3° ro o ro a° ra o ra * m a° ra o no a.. ro Y." M13 * ro * ro o * ° ro a° r0 a° ro o 0
E (o ra a al o v o v 0 v o v o 0) o v 0 v 0 v 0 v 0 v o v o v 0 v O v O v O v 0
ut CC U Q a .--1 O .-1 0 .-1 0 .--I 0 .-i 0 .-1 0 0 .--1 O .-I O .--1 0 .-1 0 .-1 O .-1 0 .-I 0 .-1 0 .--1 0 . - 1 O Q
Z X11
It
V
r✓ ti
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
Q1 •--- ti .--1 .--1 .� c-I .� .-I .--1 .--1 . . c-I .-I r1 O 31 O
Q .
a) O v.
N O
0) ` 1]
7 c
■ N N Q/ al al al a) aJ CU 4J 0J Q1 al a) al al 0) Q) 4! N a ) a l a/ aJ G Q
d 3 E E .0 d d a _3 3 . E '0 3 d 3 .3 d _3 '0 3 d O O O o
v f` f` f0 r0 O O O O I9 r 2 O O O O f0 2 N N
ft, a) aJ 01 01 01 al 41 al al 0 ) — 4J N Q1 al al N N
r al 4! N al t_ > v .- .. 13 '-I U . 'O .-1 'O .-1 'O .-1 'O .-1 1:3 .--I -0 .--I 'O .-I 'O .. U •-1 '0 .-1 'O .-1 'O .-1 a .--1 -0 '-I 'O r1 '0 .0 '0 .-1 'O .--1 c-1 13 O al
6 a U U
(0 al 0) a) U al al al al a) N a) al al dl al N al 0) al al U Ql
V1 1] E l] 1] 3 3 E 1] 1] _3 3 3 co 3 4 3 _3 4 _3 ro co O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ° 0 0 0 0 0 o O o Q a
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a v,
rn M M M 01 01 r+1 ro M rn 01 M 01 N M M rn 01 (0 M N N — >'
. c
a 10
= o
Y
'O -0 -O -O -0 -0 -0 -a U U '0 'O 73 - 0 - 0 '0 - O v
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O 0 c
O O p '
no . F, O O O 'ra O O ' O O 'r O O O O O O O O U
a0 a DO no on 00 a0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 00 OD
r+1 'A rn N M r+ 01 N m no N r0 r'0 N M rn r.'1 01 r0 no r+1 rn
U - O - O "O D ' - O '0 '0 - o - o - o - O Ts - O U - O - 0 - o o
O o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O O 0 0 0
' 03 ' GO 0 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O o O O O
00 00 a0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 CO 00 00 00 00 a0 00 00 00
N N M r+1 M no M r0 M rn rn M M rn M M rrl 01 rn M r0 M
N al v a) al a) 0) a) a) al a) al a) al al al al a) al v al al
> > > > > > > 0 > > > > > > > > > > > > > >
00 00 00 00 b0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
a! a) Ol a) al al al a) al a) a) a1 al al 0) al 0) al a) al al al
z z z Z Z z z Z Z z Z Z Z z z Z z z Z Z Z z
01 D a- r0 0) 01 O V1 rn r■ O N al 00 01 L r+1 Q1 a 1. 00 N
.-I r- .-( , .-I .-i (--., .-I N N N ,-1 r-1 .--1 .-1 ,-I .-I .-I .-I 1--1 ,-1 -0.
L L L 4J L L te a) L L L L L L L L v L L 0) 0)
ra CO CO 0 ra ra 00 O ro r o r0 ra (0 t0 r0 00 ra ca O 0 0
N N N al V1 N al V1 V1 V1 N Vf V1 VI U1 a i VI V1 @ J
a
ai ai ai (0 Y ai al a QS al a■ ai al v ai 0i n Di cu - E
O c 0 N O O c C 0 0 c 0 c C C c 00 c C O O O
a a E. 2 0 a a 2 a a a a a a a a 2 a a 0 O o
N N M
1-) .-I —, -1 --1 1 Q LO 1\ .--' 1-I .- I .--1 - N +1 V r lO n Ol - N
U U U U 0 U 0 U U 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 w w
tn CU a, v tn
to - - Cr
o o
N O 0 0 O m
00 ` a al ` `
c C C C C N a) 0 0) ) ` c c c 00
v 0) a) al L _ _
u a > > o_ a > > a > > > ti
ro
2 a, a, a, a) 0) 01 a) a) O, 0)
Y C C C C C C C C C C
C O C O 2 j O O O O O O O
r�0 i s a a ra • a u a a a 0. 0. a 6J
13�w C w w a00) w co -0 w w w w w E o o
ut o u > 'u 'u O) 'O u 0 0 'u 'u ' U 'u ' O 3 0 u 0)
O a, a 1- > d a, O. a) 0 U,._ X a N ' " C X 0 0_ al d` a a, d a, d N a` O X 0- O, VI ■ 0 u j In j tr j to a) y 7 O a, �n 0 �n 7 In 0 'n 0 'n 0 00 L a) O ai
0
E c ro— 0) 3 ra c Y — Y — O) N Y- d . , Y— Y— (o Y (0 Y - Y- C VI Y O
C N w a, w 10 w 4 c w (0 w 0) ,IF o w o w c ' a CO w ' >
a) u 0 v v E o 0 E o v v v v v 0 C o a v —
Z ' a 3 ° L u 3 ° 3 ° ° n ° 3 ° ° n ° ° 3 ° ° 3 ° 3 ° 3 ° 3 ° a w
a, ai a, a,
A io (a v v ro is v
N ' — ' al ' = ' a) ' — ' — ' 0 ' —
t >. ro >. 'O > r0 >. L > r0 L > V > CO > CO > - o >- CO L > CO
a
r ro o ro ra 0 ro Ia 0 (a (o (o • O to (a
U 0) E u 0) E u u 0) E t- u u E u E u u E u u E
c a, n v ar v, a, c a, n C v v n v vi v v v c as n
2 0` 0` O in 0 0 ` 0` O i.0 0 vI 0 u, 0 co
'O a+ a, 1 a) a.+ a) a.+ a, ' > a, "o '5 a a, ' 5 a, a a.+ a, > a '5 a) '5 0 0.1 - ro '5 a
N
0 0 '> 0. > a> a '> a r0 0 '> 0. ro * '> '> ' '5 a '5 a ro Q '>
0° ro a u a u 0. 0 0. 0 o 1 u a 0° u a u a u a u a u a 0° u a
L-
W Y N a, Y a) Y N a) Y W Y a) Y a) Y a) Y Q Y d Y a) Y O)
V U 'O -o )0-0 U - O )0-o 1- U U 1 U
fO (0 01 Y CO CO CO 00 00 Y r0 A 0 113 CO 0) 03 00 0) 03 00 0) 01 (0 00 00 CO CO 0) 03 (0
Ql m J O.1 CO a) m 0) a) co , O, m a) m 0) m a) m J CO 0 01 m 01 m C
01 J (o J J J (o J = = J J J J = J J '
fi m - O "0 m flH > ro V 13 U - 0 > ro 'O - 0 > c C° ' a c a c u E c a c v v v c v E c v c v N (0 10 (0 a, N 10 N (a (0 (o U (o C C_ O _C O C _ O to c _ O C _ O C _ O C O c _ > O N C _ ? C _ 7 E c E E c E E ? E c >. o > CO E c E c E c E c E c ( 2 0 E c E c> co m
-O O 0 u 0 — 0 — 0 0 0 4-' 01 ++ 01 0 0 0 0 0 +• 0) 0 0 ++ OJ e,
(o a: '0 0 0 c v 0 a 0 v c 0 '> a '> a 0 - 0 0 0 0 '0 0 - o 0 o '5 a -o 0 0 0 '5 a 0
v 0 0■ 0 0— 0— 0 0— ro 0- (c 0- 0— 0— 0— 0— 0 (0 a 0— 0 10 a
0 . U 3 u 3 U 3 U 3 U 3 u 3 0 a 0 a u 3u 3u 3u 3u 3u< u 3 0 3 0 a 0 a
u ,,
u v
r,
1.0 m m ° ° CO CO CO ° ° CO 0, ° m oo CO oo a, n o _ il
w
a 4
>1. 1- . 'L
0) '',1 O
W 0) a a1 N
3 0) a) .0 a, a, 0) a, O1 a) .0 a, 01 a, a, a) a, 0) N -0 a, 2 Q
v °' , v' a .0 2 -0 a a .0 .0 a 2 a -0 a .0 .0 .0 a -0 2 _o -o
a, ` u , N v , (0 .- f0 N V E VI N 10 f0 (0 '- N (6 f ` r0 2 VI 2 to r0 y , N In (0 . ut t` o 0)
d 7/ VI ' 1 0) VI . _ VI . _ l- VI = N VI VI VI ._ u t H N VI ._ .� VI ._ W W
F al N a, ut 0) O) a) N a, 0 N a) - al 0) Ol N 7, al of '2 N - al
> 1) Q) a1 a) d a) a) al a) al N al a1 N a, a) 0 0 E )
G N e, U N N 'O N "O .--1 r-1 N - O N N N V H 'O ri 'O ei N - O N "O N 'O e, N N 'Q V U
cu r(5 0) N a, 0J O1 0) a) O1 a, 0) 0, a, >, 01 t
v1 .0 Y _ Y _ Y _ _O .0 — Y — ' u, N Y m a vs O C C C O` O O O C O O O O O O O C O Q 0"
a a 0 0 0 a a a 0. a 7 a a a a a a a 0 a Il J
m N • V 7 N N m m m - m m m m m m m C 01 >•••
'a c
a r
J 0
Y
0 U T/ 0 '0 a U "0 u
'6
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
w 0 0 0 CIO 00 0 w CO w w 00 w ' @ w m m w 00 . � 0 0 0 0 0 0 a U
N m m m N N N N m N N N m m N m N m m r-1
U 'O U U 'O - O U - O U U
0 0 t_ 0 0 0 ` 0 0 _ 0 0 1- 0 1-
w 0 0 0 0 0 0 w 0 0 00 0 CO 0 00 0 w 0 0 4- w w CO w 00 w
N m m N m m m N m m N m m (4, N N N N m N
N N r, N N N '-I N N .-1 N .--1 e-1 N r, N r-1 N N N
O) a) al O1 a) a) 0) a) CU 01 01 O, 0, a) a, 0, 0) a1 0) a)
> > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >
RI fa CO fa 03 CO la 03 03 CD 01 CO 03 CI3 03 f 0 CO CO n3 fa
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
a, 01 a) 0) O, O, 0) O) O) 0) 0) 0) 0) a) a) a) 01 0) a) O,
Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z
.-, m 13 N 00 0 N U1 al N m Cr n m N N V N- m m
N 1- m r1 m m e-1 N r, r, N r, r-1 1-1 r-I r-I r-1 1-1 r, r"1
L 01 y Q) a a al al a 1-
C ` CC
VI J J a1 O) 01 N 0, N C L C CO
CL O1 a 00 N a N 00 00 00 on 00 00 ( ( 0 3 C
a 0 0 2 CO E w < 2 m 2 t u m 2 2 v l I n I n 4111 I ( n .e VI u
O � m 01 O
ul LO 00 r-1 r, 1--1 Q LA CT N to 0 0 m .--1 cr tO
w w w w 11 LL 0 0 0 0 0 0 lD 2 = — — —
ti
O 7 O
N O a
°O
a 10
a
m
2
c _
U
U
A
no
v
L
c
c
m m
v 1
0
D o Q
lt
a
CO `o 1
tt
o
w Z m a
Z w 2
w v+
• w w
o CO 01 d v
> W - -o N U
— 4
E
N 4
fo O .Q
L m a
O Q
a N
N d C
a �
J o
u
c
L
N
0
0
0
b0
m
ti
to
w
Z
w
L
CO
c
C
U
n