Guide to the Sunshine and Code of EthicsFLORIDA COMMISSION ON
ETHICS
GUIDE
to the
SUNSHINE AMENDMENT
and
CODE of ETHICS
for Public Officers and Employees
_____________________________2019
State of Florida
COMMISSION ON ETHICS
Kimberly Bonder Rezanka, Chair
Cocoa
Daniel Brady, PH.D. , Vice Chair
Miami Shores
Jason David Berger
Palm City
Antonio Carvajal
Tallahassee
Glenton "Glen" Gilzean, Jr.
Orlando
John Grant
Tampa
Joanne Leznoff
Fernandina Beach
F. Shields McManus
Stuart
William “Willie” N. Meggs
Tallahassee
Chris Anderson
Executive Director
P.O. Drawer 15709
Tallahassee, FL 32317‐5709
www.ethics.state.fl.us
(850) 488‐7864*
*Please direct all requests for information to this number.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. HISTORY OF FLORIDA’S ETHICS LAWS ...................................................................................... 1
II. ROLE OF THE COMMISSION ON ETHICS .................................................................................. 2
III. THE ETHICS LAWS ..................................................................................................................... 2
A. PROHIBITED ACTIONS OR CONDUCT .................................................................................. 3
1. Solicitation or Acceptance of Gifts .................................................................................. 3
2. Unauthorized Compensation .......................................................................................... 3
3. Misuse of Public Position ................................................................................................ 4
4. Disclosure or Use of Certain Information........................................................................ 4
5. Solicitation or Acceptance of Honoraria ......................................................................... 4
B. PROHIBITED EMPLOYMENT AND .. BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS.......................................... 5
1. Doing Business With One’s Agency ................................................................................. 5
2. Conflicting Employment or Contractual Relationship ..................................................... 5
3. Exemptions ...................................................................................................................... 5
4. Additional Exemption ...................................................................................................... 6
5. Lobbying State Agencies by Legislators........................................................................... 7
6. Employees Holding Office ............................................................................................... 7
7. Professional & Occupational Licensing Board Members ................................................ 7
8. Contractual Services: Prohibited Employment ............................................................... 7
9. Local Government Attorneys .......................................................................................... 7
10. Dual Public Employment ............................................................................................... 7
C. RESTRICTIONS ON APPOINTING, EMPLOYING, AND CONTRACTING
WITH RELATIVES .................................................................................................................. 8
1. Anti‐Nepotism Law .......................................................................................................... 8
2. Additional Restrictions .................................................................................................... 8
D. POST OFFICEHOLDING & EMPLOYMENT (REVOLVING DOOR) RESTRICTIONS ................................ 8
1. Lobbying By Former Legislators, Statewide Elected Officers,
and Appointed State Officers ........................................................................................... 8
2. Lobbying By Former State Employees ............................................................................. 8
3. Additional Restrictions on Former State Employees ...................................................... 9
4. Lobbying By Former Local Government Officers and Employees ................................. 10
E. VOTING CONFLICTS OF INTEREST ..................................................................................... 10
F. DISCLOSURES .................................................................................................................... 11
1. Form 1 ‐ Limited Financial Disclosure ........................................................................... 11
2. Form 1F ‐ Final Form 1................................................................................................... 14
3. Form 2 ‐ Quarterly Client Disclosure ............................................................................. 15
4. Form 6 ‐ Full and Public Disclosure ............................................................................... 15
5. Form 6F ‐ Final Form 6................................................................................................... 16
6. Form 9 ‐ Quarterly Gift Disclosure ................................................................................ 16
7. Form 10 ‐ Annual Disclosure of Gifts from Governmental Entities and
Direct Support Organizations and Honorarium Event‐Related Expenses ..................... 16
8. Form 30 ‐ Donor’s Quarterly Gift Disclosure ................................................................. 17
9. Forms 1X and 6X – Amendments .................................................................................. 18
IV. AVAILABILITY OF FORMS ........................................................................................................ 18
V. PENALTIES.......................................................................................................................... 19
A. For Violations of the Code of Ethics .................................................................................. 19
B. For Violations by Candidates ............................................................................................. 19
C. For Violations by Former Officers and Employees ............................................................ 19
D. For Lobbyists and Others ................................................................................................... 19
E. Felony Convictions: Forfeiture of Retirement Benefits ..................................................... 20
F. Automatic Penalties for Failure to File Annual Disclosure ................................................. 20
VI. ADVISORY OPINIONS .............................................................................................................. 20
A. Who Can Request an Opinion ............................................................................................ 20
B. How to Request an Opinion ............................................................................................... 20
C. How to Obtain Published Opinions .................................................................................... 21
VII. COMPLAINTS .......................................................................................................................... 21
A. Citizen Involvement ........................................................................................................... 21
B. Referrals ............................................................................................................................. 21
C. Confidentiality .................................................................................................................... 21
D. How the Complaint Process Works ................................................................................... 22
E. Dismissal of Complaint at Any Stage of Disposition .......................................................... 23
F. Statute of Limitations ......................................................................................................... 23
VIII. EXECUTIVE BRANCH LOBBYING ............................................................................................. 23
IX. WHISTLE‐BLOWER’S ACT ....................................................................................................... 24
X. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ............................................................................................. 24
XI. ONLINE TRAINING ............................................................................................................. 25
1
I. HISTORY OF FLORIDA’S ETHICS LAWS
Florida has been a leader among the states in establishing ethics standards for public officials and
recognizing the right of citizens to protect the public trust against abuse. Our state Constitution was
revised in 1968 to require a code of ethics, prescribed by law, for all state employees and non‐judicial
officers prohibiting conflict between public duty and private interests.
Florida’s first successful constitutional initiative resulted in the adoption of the Sunshine
Amendment in 1976, providing additional constitutional guarantees concerning ethics in government.
In the area of enforcement, the Sunshine Amendment requires that there be an independent
commission (the Commission on Ethics) to investigate complaints concerning breaches of public trust
by public officers and employees other than judges.
The Code of Ethics for Public Officers and Employees is found in Chapter 112 (Part III) of the Florida
Statutes. Foremost among the goals of the Code is to promote the public interest and maintain the
respect of the people for their government. The Code is also intended to ensure that public officials
conduct themselves independently and impartially, not using their offices for private gain other than
compensation provided by law. While seeking to protect the integrity of government, the Code also
seeks to avoid the creation of unnecessary barriers to public service.
Criminal penalties, which initially applied to violations of the Code, were eliminated in 1974 in favor
of administrative enforcement. The Legislature created the Commission on Ethics that year “to serve
as guardian of the standards of conduct” for public officials, state and local. Five of the Commission’s
nine members are appointed by the Governor, and two each are appointed by the President of the
Senate and Speaker of the House of Representatives. No more than five Commission members may be
members of the same political party, and none may be lobbyists, or hold any public employment during
their two‐year terms of office. A chair is selected from among the members to serve a one‐year term
and may not succeed himself or herself.
In 2018, Florida’s Constitutional Revision Commission proposed, and the voters adopted, changes
to Article II, Section 8. The earliest of the changes will take effect December 31, 2020, and will prohibit
officials from abusing their position to obtain a disproportionate benefit for themselves or their
spouse, child, or employer, or for a business with which the official contracts or is an officer, partner,
director, sole proprietor, or in which the official owns an interest. Other changes made to the
Constitution place restrictions on lobbying by certain officeholders and employees, and put additional
limits on lobbying by former public officers and employees. These changes will become effective
December 31, 2022.
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II. ROLE OF THE COMMISSION ON ETHICS
In addition to its constitutional duties regarding the investigation of complaints, the Commission:
• Renders advisory opinions to public officials;
• Prescribes forms for public disclosure;
• Prepares mailing lists of public officials subject to financial disclosure for use by Supervisors of
Elections and the Commission in distributing forms and notifying delinquent filers;
• Makes recommendations to disciplinary officials when appropriate for violations of ethics and
disclosure laws, since it does not impose penalties;
• Administers the Executive Branch Lobbyist Registration and Reporting Law;
• Maintains financial disclosure filings of constitutional officers and state officers and employees; and,
• Administers automatic fines for public officers and employees who fail to timely file required annual
financial disclosure.
III. THE ETHICS LAWS
The ethics laws generally consist of two types of provisions, those prohibiting certain actions or
conduct and those requiring that certain disclosures be made to the public. The following descriptions
of these laws have been simplified in an effort to provide notice of their requirements. Therefore, we
suggest that you also review the wording of the actual law. Citations to the appropriate laws are in
brackets.
The laws summarized below apply generally to all public officers and employees, state and local,
including members of advisory bodies. The principal exception to this broad coverage is the exclusion
of judges, as they fall within the jurisdiction of the Judicial Qualifications Commission.
Public Service Commission (PSC) members and employees, as well as members of the PSC
Nominating Council, are subject to additional ethics standards that are enforced by the Commission
on Ethics under Chapter 350, Florida Statutes. Further, members of the governing boards of charter
schools are subject to some of the provisions of the Code of Ethics [Sec. 1002.33(26), Fla. Stat.], as are
the officers, directors, chief executive officers and some employees of business entities that serve as
the chief administrative or executive officer or employee of a political subdivision. [Sec. 112.3136, Fla.
Stat.].
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A. PROHIBITED ACTIONS OR CONDUCT
1. Solicitation and Acceptance of Gifts
Public officers, employees, local government attorneys, and candidates are prohibited from
soliciting or accepting anything of value, such as a gift, loan, reward, promise of future employment,
favor, or service that is based on an understanding that their vote, official action, or judgment would
be influenced by such gift. [Sec. 112.313(2), Fla. Stat.]
Persons required to file financial disclosure FORM 1 or FORM 6 (see Part III F of this brochure), and
state procurement employees, are prohibited from soliciting any gift from a political committee,
lobbyist who has lobbied the official or his or her agency within the past 12 months, or the partner,
firm, employer, or principal of such a lobbyist or from a vendor doing business with the official’s
agency. [Sec. 112.3148, Fla. Stat.]
Persons required to file FORM 1 or FORM 6, and state procurement employees are prohibited from
directly or indirectly accepting a gift worth more than $100 from such a lobbyist, from a partner, firm,
employer, or principal of the lobbyist, or from a political committee or vendor doing business with
their agency. [Sec.112.3148, Fla. Stat.]
However, notwithstanding Sec. 112.3148, Fla. Stat., no Executive Branch lobbyist or principal shall
make, directly or indirectly, and no Executive Branch agency official who files FORM 1 or FORM 6 shall
knowingly accept, directly or indirectly, any expenditure made for the purpose of lobbying. [Sec.
112.3215, Fla. Stat.] Typically, this would include gifts valued at less than $100 that formerly were
permitted under Section 112.3148, Fla. Stat. Similar rules apply to members and employees of the
Legislature. However, these laws are not administered by the Commission on Ethics. [Sec. 11.045, Fla.
Stat.]
Also, persons required to file Form 1 or Form 6, and state procurement employees and members
of their immediate families, are prohibited from accepting any gift from a political committee. [Sec.
112.31485, Fla. Stat.]
2. Unauthorized Compensation
Public officers or employees, local government attorneys, and their spouses and minor children are
prohibited from accepting any compensation, payment, or thing of value when they know, or with the
exercise of reasonable care should know, that it is given to influence a vote or other official action.
[Sec. 112.313(4), Fla. Stat.]
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3. Misuse of Public Position
Public officers and employees, and local government attorneys are prohibited from corruptly using
or attempting to use their official positions or the resources thereof to obtain a special privilege or
benefit for themselves or others. [Sec. 112.313(6), Fla. Stat.]
4. Disclosure or Use of Certain Information
Public officers and employees and local government attorneys are prohibited from disclosing or
using information not available to the public and obtained by reason of their public position, for the
personal benefit of themselves or others. [Sec. 112.313(8), Fla. Stat.]
5. Solicitation or Acceptance of Honoraria
Persons required to file financial disclosure FORM 1 or FORM 6 (see Part III F of this brochure), and
state procurement employees, are prohibited from soliciting honoraria related to their public offices
or duties. [Sec. 112.3149, Fla. Stat.]
Persons required to file FORM 1 or FORM 6, and state procurement employees, are prohibited from
knowingly accepting an honorarium from a political committee, lobbyist who has lobbied the person’s
agency within the past 12 months, or the partner, firm, employer, or principal of such a lobbyist, or
from a vendor doing business with the official’s agency. However, they may accept the payment of
expenses related to an honorarium event from such individuals or entities, provided that the expenses
are disclosed. See Part III F of this brochure. [Sec. 112.3149, Fla. Stat.]
Lobbyists and their partners, firms, employers, and principals, as well as political committees and
vendors, are prohibited from giving an honorarium to persons required to file FORM 1 or FORM 6 and
to state procurement employees. Violations of this law may result in fines of up to $5,000 and
prohibitions against lobbying for up to two years. [Sec. 112.3149, Fla. Stat.]
However, notwithstanding Sec. 112.3149, Fla. Stat., no Executive Branch or legislative lobbyist or
principal shall make, directly or indirectly, and no Executive Branch agency official who files FORM 1
or FORM 6 shall knowingly accept, directly or indirectly, any expenditure made for the purpose of
lobbying. [Sec. 112.3215, Fla. Stat.] This may include honorarium event related expenses that formerly
were permitted under Sec. 112.3149, Fla. Stat. Similar rules apply to members and employees of the
Legislature. However, these laws are not administered by the Commission on Ethics. [Sec. 11.045, Fla.
Stat.]
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B. PROHIBITED EMPLOYMENT AND BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS
1. Doing Business With One’s Agency
(a) A public employee acting as a purchasing agent, or public officer acting in an official capacity,
is prohibited from purchasing, renting, or leasing any realty, goods, or services for his or her agency
from a business entity in which the officer or employee or his or her spouse or child owns more than
a 5% interest. [Sec. 112.313(3), Fla. Stat.]
(b) A public officer or employee, acting in a private capacity, also is prohibited from renting,
leasing, or selling any realty, goods, or services to his or her own agency if the officer or employee is a
state officer or employee, or, if he or she is an officer or employee of a political subdivision, to that
subdivision or any of its agencies. [Sec. 112.313(3), Fla. Stat.]
2. Conflicting Employment or Contractual Relationship
(a) A public officer or employee is prohibited from holding any employment or contract with any
business entity or agency regulated by or doing business with his or her public agency. [Sec. 112.313(7),
Fla. Stat.]
(b) A public officer or employee also is prohibited from holding any employment or having a
contractual relationship which will pose a frequently recurring conflict between the official’s private
interests and public duties or which will impede the full and faithful discharge of the official’s public
duties. [Sec. 112.313(7), Fla. Stat.]
(c) Limited exceptions to this prohibition have been created in the law for legislative bodies, certain
special tax districts, drainage districts, and persons whose professions or occupations qualify them to
hold their public positions. [Sec. 112.313(7)(a) and (b), Fla. Stat.]
3. Exemptions—Pursuant to Sec. 112.313(12), Fla. Stat., the prohibitions against doing business
with one’s agency and having conflicting employment may not apply:
(a) When the business is rotated among all qualified suppliers in a city or county.
(b) When the business is awarded by sealed, competitive bidding and neither the official nor his
or her spouse or child have attempted to persuade agency personnel to enter the contract. NOTE:
Disclosure of the interest of the official, spouse, or child and the nature of the business must be filed
prior to or at the time of submission of the bid on Commission FORM 3A with the Commission on Ethics
or Supervisor of Elections, depending on whether the official serves at the state or local level.
6
(c) When the purchase or sale is for legal advertising, utilities service, or for passage on a common
carrier.
(d) When an emergency purchase must be made to protect the public health, safety, or welfare.
(e) When the business entity is the only source of supply within the political subdivision and there
is full disclosure of the official’s interest to the governing body on Commission FORM 4A.
(f) When the aggregate of any such transactions does not exceed $500 in a calendar year.
(g) When the business transacted is the deposit of agency funds in a bank of which a county, city,
or district official is an officer, director, or stockholder, so long as agency records show that the
governing body has determined that the member did not favor his or her bank over other qualified
banks.
(h) When the prohibitions are waived in the case of ADVISORY BOARD MEMBERS by the appointing
person or by a two‐thirds vote of the appointing body (after disclosure on Commission FORM 4A).
(i) When the public officer or employee purchases in a private capacity goods or services, at a
price and upon terms available to similarly situated members of the general public, from a business
entity which is doing business with his or her agency.
(j) When the public officer or employee in a private capacity purchases goods or services from a
business entity which is subject to the regulation of his or her agency where the price and terms of the
transaction are available to similarly situated members of the general public and the officer or
employee makes full disclosure of the relationship to the agency head or governing body prior to the
transaction.
4. Additional Exemptions
No elected public officer is in violation of the conflicting employment prohibition when employed
by a tax exempt organization contracting with his or her agency so long as the officer is not directly or
indirectly compensated as a result of the contract, does not participate in any way in the decision to
enter into the contract, abstains from voting on any matter involving the employer, and makes certain
disclosures. [Sec. 112.313(15), Fla. Stat.] A qualified blind trust established pursuant to Sec.
112.31425, Fla. Stat., may afford an official protection from conflicts of interest arising from assets
placed in the trust.
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5. Legislators Lobbying State Agencies
A member of the Legislature is prohibited from representing another person or entity for
compensation during his or her term of office before any state agency other than judicial tribunals.
[Art. II, Sec. 8(e), Fla. Const., and Sec. 112.313(9), Fla. Stat.]
6. Employees Holding Office
A public employee is prohibited from being a member of the governing body which serves as his or
her employer. [Sec. 112.313(10), Fla. Stat.]
7. Professional and Occupational Licensing Board Members
An officer, director, or administrator of a state, county, or regional professional or occupational
organization or association, while holding such position, may not serve as a member of a state
examining or licensing board for the profession or occupation. [Sec. 112.313(11), Fla. Stat.]
8. Contractual Services: Prohibited Employment
A state employee of the executive or judicial branch who participates in the decision‐making
process involving a purchase request, who influences the content of any specification or procurement
standard, or who renders advice, investigation, or auditing, regarding his or her agency’s contract for
services, is prohibited from being employed with a person holding such a contract with his or her
agency. [Sec. 112.3185(2), Fla. Stat.]
9. Local Government Attorneys
Local government attorneys, such as the city attorney or county attorney, and their law firms are
prohibited from representing private individuals and entities before the unit of local government
which they serve. A local government attorney cannot recommend or otherwise refer to his or her
firm legal work involving the local government unit unless the attorney’s contract authorizes or
mandates the use of that firm. [Sec. 112.313(16), Fla. Stat.]
10. Dual Public Employment
Candidates and elected officers are prohibited from accepting public employment if they know or
should know it is being offered for the purpose of influence. Further, public employment may not be
accepted unless the position was already in existence or was created without the anticipation of the
official’s interest, was publicly advertised, and the officer had to meet the same qualifications and go
through the same hiring process as other applicants. For elected public officers already holding public
8
employment, no promotion given for the purpose of influence may be accepted, nor may promotions
that are inconsistent with those given other similarly situated employees. [Sec. 112.3125, Fla. Stat.]
C. RESTRICTIONS ON APPOINTING, EMPLOYING, AND CONTRACTING WITH RELATIVES
1. Anti‐Nepotism Law
A public official is prohibited from seeking for a relative any appointment, employment, promotion,
or advancement in the agency in which he or she is serving or over which the official exercises
jurisdiction or control. No person may be appointed, employed, promoted, or advanced in or to a
position in an agency if such action has been advocated by a related public official who is serving in or
exercising jurisdiction or control over the agency; this includes relatives of members of collegial
government bodies. NOTE: This prohibition does not apply to school districts (except as provided in
Sec. 1012.23, Fla. Stat.), community colleges and state universities, or to appointments of boards,
other than those with land‐planning or zoning responsibilities, in municipalities of fewer than 35,000
residents. Also, the approval of budgets does not constitute “jurisdiction or control” for the purposes
of this prohibition. This provision does not apply to volunteer emergency medical, firefighting, or
police service providers. [Sec. 112.3135, Fla. Stat.]
2. Additional Restrictions
A state employee of the executive or judicial branch or the PSC is prohibited from directly or
indirectly procuring contractual services for his or her agency from a business entity of which a relative
is an officer, partner, director, or proprietor, or in which the employee, or his or her spouse, or children
own more than a 5% interest. [Sec. 112.3185(6), Fla. Stat.]
D. POST OFFICE HOLDING AND EMPLOYMENT (REVOLVING DOOR) RESTRICTIONS
1. Lobbying by Former Legislators, Statewide Elected Officers, and Appointed State Officers
A member of the Legislature or a statewide elected or appointed state official is prohibited for two
years following vacation of office from representing another person or entity for compensation before
the government body or agency of which the individual was an officer or member. Former members
of the Legislature are also prohibited for two years from lobbying the executive branch. [Art. II, Sec.
8(e), Fla. Const. and Sec. 112.313(9), Fla. Stat.]
2. Lobbying by Former State Employees
Certain employees of the executive and legislative branches of state government are prohibited
from personally representing another person or entity for compensation before the agency with which
9
they were employed for a period of two years after leaving thei r positions, unless employed by another
agency of state government. [Sec. 112.313(9), Fla. Stat.] These employees include the following:
(a) Executive and legislative branch employees serving in the Senior Management Service and
Selected Exempt Service, as well as any person employed by the Department of the Lottery having
authority over policy or procurement.
(b) Persons serving in the following position classifications: the Auditor General; the director of
the Office of Program Policy Analysis and Government Accountability (OPPAGA); the Sergeant at Arms
and Secretary of the Senate; the Sergeant at Arms and Clerk of the House of Representatives; the
executive director and deputy executive director of the Commission on Ethics; an executive director,
staff director, or deputy staff director of each joint committee, standing committee, or select
committee of the Legislature; an executive director, staff director, executive assistant, legislative
analyst, or attorney serving in the Office of the President of the Senate, the Office of the Speaker of
the House of Representatives, the Senate Majority Party Office, the Senate Minority Party Office, the
House Majority Party Office, or the House Minority Party Office; the Chancellor and Vice‐Chancellors
of the State University System; the general counsel to the Board of Regents; the president, vice
presidents, and deans of each state university; any person hired on a contractual basis and having the
power normally conferred upon such persons, by whatever title; and any person having the power
normally conferred upon the above positions.
This prohibition does not apply to a person who was employed by the Legislature or other agency
prior to July 1, 1989; who was a defined employee of the State University System or the Public Service
Commission who held such employment on December 31, 1994; or who reached normal retirement
age and retired by July 1, 1991. It does apply to OPS employees.
PENALTIES: Persons found in violation of this section are subject to the penalties contained in the
Code (see PENALTIES, Part V) as well as a civil penalty in an amount equal to the compensation which
the person received for the prohibited conduct. [Sec. 112.313(9)(a)5, Fla. Stat.]
3. Additional Restrictions on Former State Employees
A former executive or judicial branch employee or PSC employee is prohibited from having
employment or a contractual relationship, at any time after retirement or termination of employment,
with any business entity (other than a public agency) in connection with a contract in which the
employee participated personally and substantially by recommendation or decision while a public
employee. [Sec. 112.3185(3), Fla. Stat.]
A former executive or judicial branch employee or PSC employee who has retired or terminated
employment is prohibited from having any employment or contractual relationship for two years with
10
any business entity (other than a public agency) in connection with a contract for services which was
within his or her responsibility while serving as a state employee. [Sec.112.3185(4), Fla. Stat.]
Unless waived by the agency head, a former executive or judicial branch employee or PSC employee
may not be paid more for contractual services provided by him o r her to the former agency during the
first year after leaving the agency than his or her annual salary before leaving. [Sec. 112.3185(5), Fla.
Stat.]
These prohibitions do not apply to PSC employees who were so employed on or before Dec. 31,
1994.
4. Lobbying by Former Local Government Officers and Employees
A person elected to county, municipal, school district, or special district office is prohibited from
representing another person or entity for compensation before the government body or agency of
which he or she was an officer for two years after leaving office. Appointed officers and employees of
counties, municipalities, school districts, and special districts may be subject to a similar restriction by
local ordinance or resolution. [Sec. 112.313(13) and (14), Fla. Stat.]
E. VOTING CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
State public officers are prohibited from voting in an official capacity on any measure which they know
would inure to their own special private gain or loss. A state public officer who abstains, or who votes on a
measure which the officer knows would inure to the special private gain or loss of any principal by whom he
or she is retained, of the parent organization or subsidiary or sibling of a corporate principal by which he or
she is retained, of a relative, or of a business associate, must make every reasonable effort to file a
memorandum of voting conflict with the recording secretary in advance of the vote. If that is not possible,
it must be filed within 15 days after the vote occurs. The memorandum must disclose the nature of the
officer’s interest in the matter.
No county, municipal, or other local public officer shall vote in an official capacity upon any measure
which would inure to his or her special private gain or loss, or which the officer knows would inure to the
special private gain or loss of any principal by whom he or she is retained, of the parent organization or
subsidiary or sibling of a corporate principal by which he or she is retained, of a relative, or of a business
associate. The officer must publicly announce the nature of his or her interest before the vote and must file
a memorandum of voting conflict on Commission Form 8B with the meeting’s recording officer within 15
days after the vote occurs disclosing the nature of his or her interest in the matter. However, members of
community redevelopment agencies and district officers elected on a one‐acre, one‐vote basis are not
required to abstain when voting in that capacity.
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No appointed state or local officer shall participate in any matter which would inure to the officer’s
special private gain or loss, the special private gain or loss of any principal by whom he or she is
retained, of the parent organization or subsidiary or sibling of a corporate principal by which he or she
is retained, of a relative, or of a business associate, without first disclosing the nature of his or her
interest in the matter. The memorandum of voting conflict (Commission Form 8A or 8B) must be filed
with the meeting’s recording officer, be provided to the other members of the agency, and be read
publicly at the next meeting.
If the conflict is unknown or not disclosed prior to the meeting, the appointed official must orally
disclose the conflict at the meeting when the conflict becomes known. Also, a written memorandum
of voting conflict must be filed with the meeting’s recording officer within 15 days of the disclosure
being made and must be provided to the other members of the agency, with the disclosure being read
publicly at the next scheduled meeting. [Sec. 112.3143, Fla. Stat.]
A qualified blind trust established pursuant to Sec. 112.31425, Fla. Stat., may afford an official
protection from voting conflicts of interest arising from assets placed in the trust.
F. DISCLOSURES
Conflicts of interest may occur when public officials are in a position to make decisions that affect
their personal financial interests. This is why public officers and employees, as well as candidates who
run for public office, are required to publicly disclose their financial interests. The disclosure process
serves to remind officials of their obligation to put the public interest above personal considerations.
It also helps citizens to monitor the considerations of those who spend their tax dollars and participate
in public policy decisions or administration.
All public officials and candidates do not file the same degree of disclosure; nor do they all file at
the same time or place. Thus, care must be taken to determine which disclosure forms a particular
official or candidate is required to file.
The following forms are described below to set forth the requirements of the various disclosures
and the steps for correctly providing the information in a timely manner.
1. FORM 1 ‐ Limited Financial Disclosure
Who Must File:
Persons required to file FORM 1 include all state officers, local officers, candidates for local elective
office, and specified state employees as defined below (other than those officers who are required by
law to file FORM 6).
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STATE OFFICERS include:
1) Elected public officials not serving in a political subdivision of the state and any person appointed
to fill a vacancy in such office, unless required to file full disclosure on Form 6.
2) Appointed members of each board, commission, authority, or council having statewide jurisdiction,
excluding members of solely advisory bodies; but including judicial nominating commission members;
directors of Enterprise Florida, Scripps Florida Funding Corporation, and CareerSource Florida, and
members of the Council on the Social Status of Black Men and Bo ys; the Executive Director, governors,
and senior managers of Citizens Property Insurance Corporation; governors and senior managers of
Florida Workers’ Compensation Joint Underwriting Association, board members of the Northeast
Florida Regional Transportation Commission, and members of the board of Triumph Gulf Coast, Inc.;
members of the board of Florida is for Veterans, Inc.; and memb ers of the Technology Advisory Council
within the Agency for State Technology.
3) The Commissioner of Education, members of the State Board of Education, the Board of Governors,
local boards of trustees and presidents of state universities, and members of the Florida Prepaid College
Board.
LOCAL OFFICERS include:
1) Persons elected to office in any political subdivision (such as municipalities, counties, and special
districts) and any person appointed to fill a vacancy in such office, unless required to file full disclosure
on Form 6.
2) Appointed members of the following boards, councils, commissions, authorities, or other bodies of
any county, municipality, school district, independent special district, or other political subdivision: the
governing body of the subdivision; a community college or junior college district board of trustees; a
board having the power to enforce local code provisions; a planning or zoning board, board of
adjustments or appeals, community redevelopment agency board, or other board having the power to
recommend, create, or modify land planning or zoning within the political subdivision, except for citizen
advisory committees, technical coordinating committees, and similar groups who only have the power
to make recommendations to planning or zoning boards, except for representatives of a military
installation acting on behalf of all military installations within that jurisdiction; a pension board or
retirement board empowered to invest pension or retirement funds or to determine entitlement to or
amount of a pension or other retirement benefit.
3) Any other appointed member of a local government board who is required to file a statement of
financial interests by the appointing authority or the enabling legislation, ordinance, or resolution
creating the board.
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4) Persons holding any of these positions in local government: mayor; county or city manager; chief
administrative employee or finance director of a county, municipality, or other political subdivision;
county or municipal attorney; chief county or municipal building inspector; county or municipal water
resources coordinator; county or municipal pollution control director; county or municipal
environmental control director; county or municipal administrator with power to grant or deny a land
development permit; chief of police; fire chief; municipal clerk; appointed district school
superintendent; community college president; district medical examiner; purchasing agent (regardless
of title) having the authority to make any purchase exceeding $20,000 for the local governmental unit.
5) Members of governing boards of charter schools operated by a city or other public entity.
6) The officers, directors, and chief executive officer of a corporation, partnership, or other business
entity that is serving as the chief administrative or executive officer or employee of a political
subdivision, and any business entity employee who is acting as the chief administrative or executive
officer or employee of the political subdivision. [Sec. 112.3136, Fla. Stat.]
SPECIFIED STATE EMPLOYEE includes:
1) Employees in the Office of the Governor or of a Cabinet member who are exempt from the Career
Service System, excluding secretarial, clerical, and similar positions.
2) The following positions in each state department, commission, board, or council: secretary or state
surgeon general, assistant or deputy secretary, executive director, assistant or deputy executive
director, and anyone having the power normally conferred upon such persons, regardless of title.
3) The following positions in each state department or division: director, assistant or deputy director,
bureau chief, assistant bureau chief, and any person having the power normally conferred upon such
persons, regardless of title.
4) Assistant state attorneys, assistant public defenders, criminal conflict and civil regional counsel,
assistant criminal conflict and civil regional counsel, public counsel, full‐time state employees serving
as counsel or assistant counsel to a state agency, judges of compensation claims, administrative law
judges, and hearing officers.
5) The superintendent or director of a state mental health institute established for training and
research in the mental health field, or any major state institution or facility established for corrections,
training, treatment, or rehabilitation.
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6) State agency business managers, finance and accounting directors, personnel officers, grant
coordinators, and purchasing agents (regardless of title) with power to make a purchase exceeding
$20,000.
7) The following positions in legislative branch agencies: each employee (other than those employed
in maintenance, clerical, secretarial, or similar positions and legislative assistants exempted by the
presiding officer of their house); and each employee of the Commission on Ethics.
What Must Be Disclosed:
FORM 1 requirements are set forth fully on the form. In general, this includes the reporting person’s
sources and types of financial interests, such as the names of employers and addresses of real property
holdings. NO DOLLAR VALUES ARE REQUIRED TO BE LISTED. In addition, the form requires the
disclosure of certain relationships with, and ownership interests in, specified types of businesses such
as banks, savings and loans, insurance companies, and utility companies.
When to File:
CANDIDATES for elected local office must file FORM 1 together with and at the same time they file
their qualifying papers.
STATE and LOCAL OFFICERS and SPECIFIED STATE EMPLOYEES are required to file disclosure by July
1 of each year. They also must file within thirty days from the date of appointment or the beginning of
employment. Those appointees requiring Senate confirmation must file prior to confirmation.
Where to File:
Each LOCAL OFFICER files FORM 1 with the Supervisor of Elections in the county in which he or she
permanently resides.
A STATE OFFICER or SPECIFIED STATE EMPLOYEE files with the Commission on Ethics. [Sec.
112.3145, Fla. Stat.]
2. FORM 1F ‐ Final Form 1 Limited Financial Disclosure
FORM 1F is the disclosure form required to be filed within 60 days after a public officer or employee
required to file FORM 1 leaves his or her public position. The form covers the disclosure period
between January 1 and the last day of office or employment within that year.
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3. FORM 2 ‐ Quarterly Client Disclosure
The state officers, local officers, and specified state employees listed above, as well as elected
constitutional officers, must file a FORM 2 if they or a partner or associate of their professional firm
represent a client for compensation before an agency at their level of government.
A FORM 2 disclosure includes the names of clients represented by the reporting person or by any
partner or associate of his or her professional firm for a fee or commission before agencies at the
reporting person’s level of government. Such representations do not include appearances in
ministerial matters, appearances before judges of compensation claims, or representations on behalf
of one’s agency in one’s official capacity. Nor does the term include the preparation and filing of forms
and applications merely for the purpose of obtaining or transferring a license, so long as the issuance
of the license does not require a variance, special consideration, or a certificate of public convenience
and necessity.
When to File:
This disclosure should be filed quarterly, by the end of the calendar quarter following the calendar
quarter during which a reportable representation was made. FORM 2 need not be filed merely to
indicate that no reportable representations occurred during the preceding quarter; it should be filed
ONLY when reportable representations were made during the quarter.
Where To File:
LOCAL OFFICERS file with the Supervisor of Elections of the county in which they permanently
reside.
STATE OFFICERS and SPECIFIED STATE EMPLOYEES file with the Commission on Ethics. [Sec.
112.3145(4), Fla. Stat.]
4. FORM 6 ‐ Full and Public Disclosure
Who Must File:
Persons required by law to file FORM 6 include all elected constitutional officers and candidates
for such office; the mayor and members of the city council and candidates for these offices in
Jacksonville; the Duval County Superintendent of Schools; judges of compensation claims (pursuant to
Sec. 440.442, Fla. Stat.); members of the Florida Housing Finance Corporation Board and members of
expressway authorities, transportation authorities (except the Jacksonville Transportation Authority),
bridge authority, or toll authorities created pursuant to Ch. 348 or 343, or 349, or other general law.
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What Must be Disclosed:
FORM 6 is a detailed disclosure of assets, liabilities, and sources of income over $1,000 and their
values, as well as net worth. Officials may opt to file their most recent income tax return in lieu of
listing sources of income but still must disclose their assets, liabilities, and net worth. In addition, the
form requires the disclosure of certain relationships with, and ownership interests in, specified types
of businesses such as banks, savings and loans, insurance companies, and utility companies.
When and Where To File:
Incumbent officials must file FORM 6 annually by July 1 with the Commission on Ethics.
CANDIDATES must file with the officer before whom they qualify at the time of qualifying. [Art. II, Sec.
8(a) and (i), Fla. Const., and Sec. 112.3144, Fla. Stat.]
5. FORM 6F ‐ Final Form 6 Full and Public Disclosure
This is the disclosure form required to be filed within 60 days after a public officer or employee
required to file FORM 6 leaves his or her public position. The form covers the disclosure period
between January 1 and the last day of office or employment within that year.
6. FORM 9 ‐ Quarterly Gift Disclosure
Each person required to file FORM 1 or FORM 6, and each state procurement employee, must file a
FORM 9, Quarterly Gift Disclosure, with the Commission on Ethics on the last day of any calendar quarter
following the calendar quarter in which he or she received a gift worth more than $100, other than gifts
from relatives, gifts prohibited from being accepted, gifts primarily associated with his or her business or
employment, and gifts otherwise required to be disclosed. FORM 9 NEED NOT BE FILED if no such gift was
received during the calendar quarter.
Information to be disclosed includes a description of the gift and its value, the name and address of
the donor, the date of the gift, and a copy of any receipt for the gift provided by the donor. [Sec. 112.3148,
Fla. Stat.]
7. FORM 10 ‐ Annual Disclosure of Gifts from Government Agencies and Direct‐Support Organizations and
Honorarium Event Related Expenses
State government entities, airport authorities, counties, municipalities, school boards, water
management districts, and the South Florida Regional Transportation Authority, may give a gift worth
more than $100 to a person required to file FORM 1 or FORM 6, and to state procurement employees, if
a public purpose can be shown for the gift. Also, a direct‐support organization for a governmental entity
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may give such a gift to a person who is an officer or employee of that entity. These gifts are to be reported
on FORM 10, to be filed by July 1.
The governmental entity or direct‐support organization giving the gift must provide the officer or
employee with a statement about the gift no later than March 1 of the following year. The officer or
employee then must disclose this information by filing a statement by July 1 with his or her annual
financial disclosure that describes the gift and lists the donor, the date of the gift, and the value of the
total gifts provided during the calendar year. State procurement employees file their statements with
the Commission on Ethics. [Sec. 112.3148, Fla. Stat.]
In addition, a person required to file FORM 1 or FORM 6, or a state procurement employee, who
receives expenses or payment of expenses related to an honorarium event from someone who is
prohibited from giving him or her an honorarium, must disclose annually the name, address, and
affiliation of the donor, the amount of the expenses, the date of the event, a description of the
expenses paid or provided, and the total value of the expenses on FORM 10. The donor paying the
expenses must provide the officer or employee with a statement about the expenses within 60 days
of the honorarium event.
The disclosure must be filed by July 1, for expenses received during the previous calendar year,
with the officer’s or employee’s FORM 1 or FORM 6. State procurement employees file their
statements with the Commission on Ethics. [Sec. 112.3149, Fla. Stat.]
However, notwithstanding Sec. 112.3149, Fla. Stat., no executive branch or legislative lobbyist or
principal shall make, directly or indirectly, and no executive branch agency official or employee who
files FORM 1 or FORM 6 shall knowingly accept, directly or indirectly, any expenditure made for the
purpose of lobbying. This may include gifts or honorarium event related expenses that formerly were
permitted under Sections 112.3148 and 112.3149. [Sec. 112.3215, Fla. Stat.] Similar prohibitions apply
to legislative officials and employees. However, these laws are not administered by the Commission
on Ethics. [Sec. 11.045, Fla. Stat.] In addition, gifts, which include anything not primarily related to
political activities authorized under ch. 106, are prohibited from political committees. [Sec. 112.31485
Fla. Stat.]
8. FORM 30 ‐ Donor’s Quarterly Gift Disclosure
As mentioned above, the following persons and entities generally are prohibited from giving a gift
worth more than $100 to a reporting individual (a person required to file FORM 1 or FORM 6) or to a state
procurement employee: a political committee; a lobbyist who lobbies the reporting individual’s or
procurement employee’s agency, and the partner, firm, employer, or principal of such a lobbyist; and
vendors. If such person or entity makes a gift worth between $25 and $100 to a reporting individual or
state procurement employee (that is not accepted in behalf of a governmental entity or charitable
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organization), the gift should be reported on FORM 30. The donor also must notify the recipient at the
time the gift is made that it will be reported.
The FORM 30 should be filed by the last day of the calendar quarter following the calendar quarter in
which the gift was made. If the gift was made to an individual in the legislative branch, FORM 30 should
be filed with the Lobbyist Registrar. [See page 35 for address.] If the gift was to any other reporting
individual or state procurement employee, FORM 30 should be filed with the Commission on Ethics.
However, notwithstanding Section 112.3148, Fla. Stat., no executive branch lobbyist or principal shall
make, directly or indirectly, and no executive branch agency official or employee who files FORM 1 or
FORM 6 shall knowingly accept, directly or indirectly, any expenditure made for the purpose of lobbying.
This may include gifts that formerly were permitted under Section 112.3148. [Sec. 112.3215, Fla. Stat.]
Similar prohibitions apply to legislative officials and employees. However, these laws are not administered
by the Commission on Ethics. [Sec. 11.045, Fla. Stat.] In addition, gifts from political committees are
prohibited. [Sec. 112.31485, Fla. Stat.]
9. FORM 1X AND FORM 6X ‐ Amendments to Form 1 and Form 6
These forms are provided for officers or employees to amend their previously filed Form 1 or Form 6.
IV. AVAILABILITY OF FORMS
LOCAL OFFICERS and EMPLOYEES who must file FORM 1 annually will be sent the form by mail from the
Supervisor of Elections in the county in which they permanently reside not later than JUNE 1 of each year.
Newly elected and appointed officials or employees should contact the heads of their agencies for copies
of the form or download it from www.ethics.state.fl.us, as should those persons who are required to file
their final disclosure statements within 60 days of leaving office or employment.
ELECTED CONSTITUTIONAL OFFICERS, OTHER STATE OFFICERS, and SPECIFIED STATE EMPLOYEES who
must file annually FORM 1 or 6 will be sent these forms by mail from the Commission on Ethics by JUNE 1
of each year. Newly elected and appointed officers and employees should contact the heads of their
agencies or the Commission on Ethics for copies of the form or download it from www.ethics.state.fl.us, as
should those persons who are required to file their final disclosure statements within 60 days of leaving
office or employment.
Any person needing one or more of the other forms described here may also obtain them from a
Supervisor of Elections or from the Commission on Ethics, P.O. Drawer 15709, Tallahassee, Florida 32317‐
5709. They are also available on the Commission’s website: www.ethics.state.fl.us.
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V. PENALTIES
A. Non‐criminal Penalties for Violation of the Sunshine Amendment and the Code of Ethics
There are no criminal penalties for violation of the Sunshine Amendment and the Code of Ethics.
Penalties for violation of these laws may include: impeachment, removal from office or employment,
suspension, public censure, reprimand, demotion, reduction in salary level, forfeiture of no more than
one‐third salary per month for no more than twelve months, a ci vil penalty not to exceed $10,000, and
restitution of any pecuniary benefits received, and triple the value of a gift from a political committee.
B. Penalties for Candidates
CANDIDATES for public office who are found in violation of the Sunshine Amendment or the Code
of Ethics may be subject to one or more of the following penalties: disqualification from being on the
ballot, public censure, reprimand, or a civil penalty not to exceed $10,000, and triple the value of a gift
received from a political committee.
C. Penalties for Former Officers and Employees
FORMER PUBLIC OFFICERS or EMPLOYEES who are found in violation of a provision applicable to
former officers or employees or whose violation occurred prior to such officer’s or employee’s leaving
public office or employment may be subject to one or more of the following penalties: public censure
and reprimand, a civil penalty not to exceed $10,000, and restitution of any pecuniary benefits
received, and triple the value of a gift received from a political committee.
D. Penalties for Lobbyists and Others
An executive branch lobbyist who has failed to comply with the Executive Branch Lobbying
Registration law (see Part VIII) may be fined up to $5,000, reprimanded, censured, or prohibited from
lobbying executive branch agencies for up to two years. Lobbyists, their employers, principals,
partners, and firms, and political committees and committees of continuous existence who give a
prohibited gift or honorarium or fail to comply with the gift reporting requirements for gifts worth
between $25 and $100, may be penalized by a fine of not more than $5,000 and a prohibition on
lobbying, or employing a lobbyist to lobby, before the agency of the public officer or employee to
whom the gift was given for up to two years. Any agent or person acting on behalf of a political
committee giving a prohibited gift is personally liable for a civil penalty of up to triple the value of the
gift.
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Executive Branch lobbying firms that fail to timely file their quarterly compensation reports may
be fined $50 per day per principal for each day the report is late, up to a maximum fine of $5,000 per
report.
E. Felony Convictions: Forfeiture of Retirement Benefits
Public officers and employees are subject to forfeiture of all rights and benefits under the
retirement system to which they belong if convicted of certain offenses. The offenses include
embezzlement or theft of public funds; bribery; felonies specified in Chapter 838, Florida Statutes;
impeachable offenses; and felonies committed with intent to def raud the public or their public agency.
[Sec. 112.3173, Fla. Stat.]
F. Automatic Penalties for Failure to File Annual Disclosure
Public officers and employees required to file either Form 1 or Form 6 annual financial disclosure
are subject to automatic fines of $25 for each day late the form is filed after September 1, up to a
maximum penalty of $1,500. [Sec. 112.3144 and 112.3145, Fla. Stat.]
VI. ADVISORY OPINIONS
Conflicts of interest may be avoided by greater awareness of the ethics laws on the part of public
officials and employees through advisory assistance from the Commission on Ethics.
A. Who Can Request an Opinion
Any public officer, candidate for public office, or public employee in Florida who is in doubt about
the applicability of the standards of conduct or disclosure laws to himself or herself, or anyone who
has the power to hire or terminate another public employee, may seek an advisory opinion from the
Commission about himself or herself or that employee.
B. How to Request an Opinion
Opinions may be requested by letter presenting a question based on a real situation and including
a detailed description of the situation. Opinions are issued by the Commission and are binding on the
conduct of the person who is the subject of the opinion, unless material facts were omitted or misstated
in the request for the opinion. Published opinions will not bear the name of the persons involved unless
they consent to the use of their names; however, the request and all information pertaining to it is a
public record, made available to the Commission and to members of the public in advance of the
Commission’s consideration of the question.
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C. How to Obtain Published Opinions
All of the Commission’s opinions are available for viewing or download at its website:
www.ethics.state.fl.us.
VII. COMPLAINTS
A. Citizen Involvement
The Commission on Ethics cannot conduct investigations of alleged violations of the Sunshine
Amendment or the Code of Ethics unless a person files a sworn complaint with the Commission alleging
such violation has occurred, or a referral is received, as discussed below.
If you have knowledge that a person in government has violated the standards of conduct or
disclosure laws described above, you may report these violations to the Commission by filing a sworn
complaint on the form prescribed by the Commission and available for download at
www.ethics.state.fl.us. The Commission is unable to take action based on learning of such misdeeds
through newspaper reports, telephone calls, or letters.
You can obtain a complaint form (FORM 50), by contacting the Commission office at the address
or phone number shown on the inside front cover of this booklet, or you can download it from the
Commission’s website:
www.ethics.state.fl.us.
B. Referrals
The Commission may accept referrals from: the Governor, the Florida Department of Law
Enforcement, a State Attorney, or a U.S. Attorney. A vote of six of the Commission’s nine members is
required to proceed on such a referral.
C. Confidentiality
The complaint or referral, as well as all proceedings and records relating thereto, is confidential
until the accused requests that such records be made public or until the matter reaches a stage in the
Commission’s proceedings where it becomes public. This means that unless the Commission receives
a written waiver of confidentiality from the accused, the Commission is not free to release any
documents or to comment on a complaint or referral to members of the public or press, so long as the
complaint or referral remains in a confidential stage.
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A COMPLAINT OR REFERRAL MAY NOT BE FILED WITH RESPECT TO A CANDIDATE ON THE DAY OF
THE ELECTION, OR WITHIN THE 30 CALENDAR DAYS PRECEDING THE ELECTION DATE, UNLESS IT IS
BASED ON PERSONAL INFORMATION OR INFORMATION OTHER THAN HEARSAY.
D. How the Complaint Process Works
Complaints which allege a matter within the Commission’s jurisdiction are assigned a tracking
number and Commission staff forwards a copy of the original sworn complaint to the accused within
five working days of its receipt. Any subsequent sworn amendments to the complaint also are
transmitted within five working days of their receipt.
Once a complaint is filed, it goes through three procedural stages under the Commission’s rules. The
first stage is a determination of whether the allegations of the complaint are legally sufficient: that is,
whether they indicate a possible violation of any law over which the Commission has jurisdiction. If the
complaint is found not to be legally sufficient, the Commission will order that the complaint be
dismissed without investigation, and all records relating to the complaint will become public at that
time.
In cases of very minor financial disclosure violations, the official will be allowed an opportunity to
correct or amend his or her disclosure form. Otherwise, if the complaint is found to be legally sufficient,
a preliminary investigation will be undertaken by the investigative staff of the Commission. The second
stage of the Commission’s proceedings involves this preliminary investigation and a decision by the
Commission as to whether there is probable cause to believe that there has been a violation of any of
the ethics laws. If the Commission finds no probable cause to believe there has been a violation of the
ethics laws, the complaint will be dismissed and will become a matter of public record. If the
Commission finds probable cause to believe there has been a vio lation of the ethics laws, the complaint
becomes public and usually enters the third stage of proceedings. This stage requires the Commission
to decide whether the law was actually violated and, if so, whether a penalty should be recommended.
At this stage, the accused has the right to request a public hearing (trial) at which evidence is presented,
or the Commission may order that such a hearing be held. Public hearings usually are held in or near
the area where the alleged violation occurred.
When the Commission concludes that a violation has been committed, it issues a public report of its
findings and may recommend one or more penalties to the appropriate disciplinary body or official.
When the Commission determines that a person has filed a complaint with knowledge that the
complaint contains one or more false allegations or with reckless disregard for whether the complaint
contains false allegations, the complainant will be liable for costs plus reasonable attorney’s fees
incurred by the person complained against. The Department of Legal Affairs may bring a civil action to
recover such fees and costs, if they are not paid voluntarily within 30 days.
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E. Dismissal of Complaints At Any Stage of Disposition
The Commission may, at its discretion, dismiss any complaint at any stage of disposition should it
determine that the public interest would not be served by proceeding further, in which case the
Commission will issue a public report stating with particularity its reasons for the dismissal. [Sec.
112.324(12), Fla. Stat.]
F. Statute of Limitations
All sworn complaints alleging a violation of the Sunshine Amendment or the Code of Ethics must be
filed with the Commission within five years of the alleged viol ation or other breach of the public trust. Time
starts to run on the day AFTER the violation or breach of public trust is committed. The statute of limitations
is tolled on the day a sworn complaint is filed with the Commission. If a complaint is filed and the statute
of limitations has run, the complaint will be dismissed. [Sec. 112.3231, Fla. Stat.]
VIII. EXECUTIVE BRANCH LOBBYING
Any person who, for compensation and on behalf of another, lobbies an agency of the executive
branch of state government with respect to a decision in the area of policy or procurement may be
required to register as an executive branch lobbyist. Registration is required before lobbying an agency
and is renewable annually. In addition, each lobbying firm must file a compensation report with the
Commission for each calendar quarter during any portion of which one or more of the firm’s lobbyists
were registered to represent a principal. As noted above, no executive branch lobbyist or principal can
make, directly or indirectly, and no executive branch agency official or employee who files FORM 1 or
FORM 6 can knowingly accept, directly or indirectly, any expenditure made for the purpose of lobbying.
[Sec. 112.3215, Fla. Stat.]
Paying an executive branch lobbyist a contingency fee based upon the outcome of any specific
executive branch action, and receiving such a fee, is prohibited. A violation of this prohibition is a first
degree misdemeanor, and the amount received is subject to forfeiture. This does not prohibit sales
people from receiving a commission. [Sec. 112.3217, Fla. Stat.]
Executive branch departments, state universities, community colleges, and water management
districts are prohibited from using public funds to retain an executive branch (or legislative branch)
lobbyist, although these agencies may use full‐time employees as lobbyists. [Sec. 11.062, Fla. Stat.]
Online registration and filing is available at www.floridalobbyist.gov. Additional information
about the executive branch lobbyist registration system may be obtained by contacting the Lobbyist
Registrar at the following address:
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Executive Branch Lobbyist Registration
Room G‐68, Claude Pepper Building
111 W. Madison Street
Tallahassee, FL 32399‐1425
Phone: 850/922‐4987
IX. WHISTLE‐BLOWER’S ACT
In 1986, the Legislature enacted a “Whistle‐blower’s Act” to protect employees of agencies and
government contractors from adverse personnel actions in retaliation for disclosing information in a
sworn complaint alleging certain types of improper activities. Since then, the Legislature has revised
this law to afford greater protection to these employees.
While this language is contained within the Code of Ethics, the Commission has no jurisdiction or
authority to proceed against persons who violate this Act. Therefore, a person who has disclosed
information alleging improper conduct governed by this law and who may suffer adverse
consequences as a result should contact one or more of the following: the Office of the Chief
Inspector General in the Executive Office of the Governor; the Department of Legal Affairs; the
Florida Commission on Human Relations; or a private attorney. [Sec. 112.3187 ‐ 112.31895, Fla.
Stat.]
X. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
As mentioned above, we suggest that you review the language used in each law for a more
detailed understanding of Florida’s ethics laws. The “Sunshine Amendment” is Article II, Section 8, of
the Florida Constitution. The Code of Ethics for Public Officers and Employees is contained in Part III
of Chapter 112, Florida Statutes.
Additional information about the Commission’s functions and interpretations of these laws may be
found in Chapter 34 of the Florida Administrative Code, where the Commission’s rules are published,
and in The Florida Administrative Law Reports, which until 2005 published many of the Commission’s
final orders. The Commission’s rules, orders, and opinions also are available at www.ethics.state.fl.us.
If you are a public officer or employee concerned about your obligations under these laws, the staff
of the Commission will be happy to respond to oral and written inquiries by providing information
about the law, the Commission’s interpretations of the law, and the Commission’s procedures.
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XI. TRAINING
Constitutional officers and elected municipal officers are required to receive a total of four hours
training, per calendar year, in the area of ethics, public records, and open meetings. The Commission
on Ethics does not track compliance or certify providers.
Visit the training page on the Commission’s website for up‐to‐date rules, opinions, audio/video
training, and opportunities for live training conducted by Commission staff. A comprehensive online
training course addressing Florida’s Code of Ethics, as well as Sunshine Law, and Public Records Act is
available via a link on the Commission’s homepage.